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101.
102.
Marabou Storks in their natural environment were observed to practise an insightful method of food amelioration. 相似文献
103.
Karl-Heinz Klaska Otto Jarchow Wolfgang Koebernick Hans Paulsen 《Carbohydrate research》1977,56(1):67-73
Methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy-2-C-[2-hydroxy-1,1-(ethylenedithio)ethyl]-α-l-threo-hexopyranosid-4-ulo-22,4-pyranose (1) crystallizes in a rhombic space group P212121 with four molecules in the elementary unit. The structure was refined to an R-value of 0.057. The aldopyranose ring adopts a 1C4 conformation with an axial side-chain forming a hemiacetal ring to the keto group at C-4. Both six-membered rings connected in the 2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane system differ only slightly from the 1C4 chair conformation. The spirocyclic dithiolane ring adopts a nearly ideal envelope form with a deviation of C-21 from the plane S-1-C-7-S-2-C-22. The dihedral angle O-5-C-1 O-1-C-11 of 59.1° is an agreement with the exo-anomeric effect. 相似文献
104.
Wolfgang Licht 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1977,90(1):149-166
Wir haben eingangs die Existenz bestimmter ükologischer Faktoren vermutet, aufgrund derer die Pflanzengesellschaften auf Sandbüden ihr besonderes Gepräge erhalten. In der Tat sind zumindest die Mainzer Sande arm an Nährstoffen und von nur beschränkter Aufnahmefähigkeit für Wasser; andererseits schützt die geringe Kapillarität des Sandes den Boden vor Wasserverlust durch Verdunstung. Tiefgehende Pfahlwurzelsysteme, die sich in unteren Bodenbezirken reich verzweigen — also insgesamt etwa birnenfürmige Gestalt annehmen — entsprächen somit den Erwartungen. Der tiefgehende Anteil der T-Systeme stimmt weitgehend mit dieser Vorstellung überein, der proximale querstreichende Anteil hingegen wie auch die geotropische Umstimmung der Primärwurzeln von Sommer-Hapaxanthen ist ükologisch offenbar ?sinnlos”, wenn nicht sogar schädlich. Ähnliches gilt für die sproßbürtige Bewurzelung. Wir künnen somit drei Gruppen von Merkmalen an Radikationen unterscheiden:
- 1 . Merkmale, die aus dem Bauplan der Sippe resultieren und als solche natürlich genetisch fixiert sind. Sie sind häufig, aber durchaus nicht immer ?ükologisch sinnvoll”, so z. B. die Sproßbürtigkeit der Bewurzelung.
- 2 . Merkmale, die sich unter bestimmten ükologischen Verhältnissen ausgebildet haben und die genetisch fixiert sind. Sie werden auch dann noch beibehalten, wenn sich die ükologischen Bedingungen längst gewandelt haben. Im querstreichenden Teil des T-Systems wird ein solches Relikt vermutet.
- 3 . Merkmale, die infolge der modifikatorischen Kraft bestimmter Umweltfaktoren auftreten; sie sind dementsprechend nicht erblich und eigentlich Gegenstand der Physiologie. Die Reaktion der Wurzel auf bestimmte Nährstoffverhältnisse gehürt hierher und wohl auch die Polaritätsänderung der Primärwurzel.
105.
Observations of young fertile leaf primordia provide information about the development of the sporophyll ofAnemia phyllitidis Sw. The marginal meristem which surrounds the leaf primordium forms the pinna primordia, firstly the two “spore pinnae” by meristem fractionation. These are turned with their adaxial side towards the leaf apex and continue marginal meristem fractionations until products of the 5th order are formed.—In the sporophyll development two events are significant: (1) The fractionation products of the 2nd order reverse their direction of coiling. (2) From the marginal meristem of the fractionation products of the 5th order the sporangia arise in acropetal succession each originating from one initial cell.—Three observations—the fractionation products of the 2nd order being accessory outgrowths of the leaf margin, their reversed coiling direction, and the aggregation of the sporangia on the last segments—lead to the following concept of a sorus type: Each fractionation product of the 2nd order represents a marginal acropetal sorus with a branched receptaculum. 相似文献
106.
The NC1 domain of type IV collagen promotes axonal growth in sympathetic neurons through interaction with the alpha 1 beta 1 integrin 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
P J Lein D Higgins D C Turner L A Flier V P Terranova 《The Journal of cell biology》1991,113(2):417-428
We have examined the effects of collagen IV on the morphological development of embryonic rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. In short-term (less than or equal to 24 h) culture, collagen IV accelerated process outgrowth, causing increases in the number of neurites and total neuritic length. Analysis of proteolytic fragments of collagen IV indicated that the NC1 domain was nearly as active as the intact molecule in stimulating process outgrowth; in contrast, the 7S domain and triple helix-rich fragments of collagen IV were inactive. Moreover, anti-NC1 antiserum inhibited neuritic outgrowth on collagen IV by 79%. In long-term (up to 28 d) cultures, neurons chronically exposed to collagen IV maintained a single axon but failed to form dendrites. Thus, the NC1 domain of collagen IV can alter neuronal development by selectively stimulating axonal growth. Comparison of collagen IV's effects to those of laminin revealed that these molecules exert quantitatively different effects on the rate of initial axon growth and the number of axons extended by sympathetic neurons. Moreover, neuritic outgrowth on collagen IV, but not laminin, was blocked by cycloheximide. We also observed differences in the receptors mediating the neurite-promoting activity of these proteins. Two different antisera that recognize beta 1 integrins each blocked neuritic outgrowth on both collagen IV and laminin; however, an mAb (3A3) specific for the alpha 1 beta 1 integrin inhibited collagen IV but not laminin-induced process growth in cultures of both sympathetic and dorsal root neurons. These data suggest that immunologically distinct integrins mediate the response of peripheral neurons to collagen IV and laminin. 相似文献
107.
Wolfgang Horn 《Hydrobiologia》1991,225(1):115-120
Planktonic crustacean biomass as well as structure are important factors influencing water transparency. The significant dependence of the water quality (Secchi depth) on the concentration and the share of the Daphnia biovolume and not on the total Crustacea biovolume in the Saidenbach reservoir indicates that the density of the Crustacea is only a measure of the cleaning performance, if Daphnia dominates. Using the mean size, the influence of the crustacean structure on the Secchi depth can be recorded. If big size categories prevail (like Daphnia) the water transparency is high. The mainly occurrence of little species (Mesocyclops, Bosmina) results in lower Secchi depths. However, a well defined (significant) relationship is being prevented by the different feeding behaviour of the several species. 相似文献
108.
Regularly arrayed surface (glyco)proteins—often referred to as S layers—are a common feature of the cell envelopes of almost all archaebacteria. We have selected some examples (Halobacterium, Sulfolobus, Thermoproteus, Pyrobaculum, Staphylothermus), and we describe the structure of their surface layers as revealed primarily by electron crystallography. In spite of a considerable diversity in shapes and dimensions, some common structural features emerge from the comparison. The glycoprotein arrays are composed of oligomeric units which are anchored in the plasma membrane; extended spacer or linker domains maintain the bulk of the more or less porous surface layers at a constant distance above the membrane surface, thus creating a quasi-periplasmic compartment. Functions ascribed to surface layers, such as compartmentalization, shape maintenance and determination, and adhesion are discussed. 相似文献
109.
A rapid procedure for the construction of PCR cDNA libraries from small amounts of plant tissue 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Ian Jepson John Bray Gareth Jenkins Wolfgang Schuch Keith Edwards 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》1991,9(2):131-138
We describe a general method for the preparation of λZAP II cDNA libraries from very small amounts (<50 mg) of plant tissue.
We have achieved this by combining an efficient method for RNA extraction with a modified PCR protocol for the synthesis and
amplification of cDNA. Using this protocol we have found it possible to generate cDNA libraries containing more than 106 clones from as little as 1 μg of total RNA. 相似文献