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排序方式: 共有124条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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A Drosophila heat shock locus with a rapidly diverging sequence but a conserved structure 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
J C Garbe W G Bendena M Alfano M L Pardue 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1986,261(36):16889-16894
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The Central Malignant Melanoma Registry (CMMR) of the German Dermatological Society was established in 1983, and 7789 cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM) were registered by 35 dermatological departments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland until the end of 1989. Population-based incidence rates, risk factors for developing CMM and prognostic parameters for predicting the final outcome were investigated in separate multicenter studies performed by the CMMR. Among the 7789 CMM registered, there was a preponderance of females (57.7%) versus males (42.3%). The age distribution peaked in the 5th and 6th decade of life for both sexes with a mean age of 52 years. The mean detection age was 50 years for superficial spreading melanoma, 53 for nodular melanoma, and 65 for lentigo maligna melanoma. Mean tumor thickness decreased from 2 mm in 1983 to 1.5 mm in 1989, indicating better CMM-awareness of the population and the medical community in this area. 90% of the patients presented with clinical stage I CMM without detectable metastases at first diagnosis. The incidence of CMM in Berlin (West) was assessed based on 960 cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1986. The incidence increased by 49% between 1980-81 and 1985-86, and the age standardized-incidence rate (European standard population) was 9.8 for males and 7.8 for females per 100,000 inhabitants and year in 1985-86. Mortality rates decreased in this period from 3.5 to 2.6 for males and slightly increased for females from 1.2 to 1.6 per 100,000 inhabitants and year. A case control study on the relative risk (RR) for developing CMM revealed the total number of melanocytic nevi (MCN) to be the strongest risk predictor (15x - 50x increased RR), followed by the presence of dysplastic MCN (7x increased RR) and the skin type I (2x increased RR). Interestingly, no differences between CMM-cases and controls were found with respect to the history of sunburns or other parameters of sun exposure in this study. Multivariate analysis of 5093 stage I CMM-patients from four departments with long-term follow-up revealed that tumor thickness is the strongest predictor of survival with an almost linear correlation to the risk of death for tumor thickness up to 6 mm with no further increase in mortality for higher tumor thickness. The best classification of tumor thickness for survival prediction was 1 mm, 1.01 ?2 mm, 2.01 ?4 mm and > 4 mm in our data set on 5093 patients. Sex was found to be the second most important prognostic factor showing a significant advantage for females. Furthermore, a high risk was identified for tumors localized on the upper trunk, upper arm, neck and scalp on the upper trunk, upper arm, neck and scalp (=TANS); the anatomical site, therefore, should be taken into account for a prognostic classification of primary CMM. 相似文献
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Genetic analysis of superoxide dismutase, the 23 kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:27
The gene encoding a 23 kilodalton protein antigen has been cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by screening of a recombinant DNA library with monoclonal antibodies. The product of the gene has been identified as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) of M. tuberculosis on the basis of sequence comparison and by expression of the recombinant protein in a functionally active form. The derived amino acid sequence of M. tuberculosis SOD reveals a close similarity to manganese-containing SODs from other organisms, in spite of the fact that previous studies using the purified enzyme have identified iron as the preferred metal ion ligand. SOD is present in the extracellular fluid of logarithmic-phase cultures of M. tuberculosis, but the structural gene is not preceded by a signal peptide sequence. Insertion of the M. tuberculosis SOD gene into a novel shuttle vector demonstrated the mycobacteria but is ineffective in Escherichia coli. 相似文献
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David S. Garbe 《Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology》2013,48(5-6):319-341
How axons in the developing nervous system successfully navigate to their correct targets is a fundamental problem in neurobiology. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate axon guidance will give important insight into how the nervous system is correctly wired during development and may have implications for therapeutic approaches to developmental brain disorders and nerve regeneration. Achieving this understanding will require unraveling the molecular logic that ensures the proper expression and localization of axon guidance cues and receptors, and elucidating the signaling events that regulate the growth cone cytoskeleton in response to guidance receptor activation. Studies of axon guidance at the midline of many experimental systems, from the ventral midline of Drosophila to the vertebrate spinal cord, have led to important mechanistic insights into the complex problem of wiring the nervous system. Here we review recent advances in understanding the regulation of midline axon guidance, with a particular emphasis on the contributions made from molecular genetic studies of invertebrate model systems. 相似文献
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Jasmonate-induced lipid peroxidation in barley leaves initiated by distinct 13-LOX forms of chloroplasts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bachmann A Hause B Maucher H Garbe E Vörös K Weichert H Wasternack C Feussner I 《Biological chemistry》2002,383(10):1645-1657
In addition to a previously characterized 13-lipoxygenase of 100 kDa encoded by LOX2:Hv:1 [V?r?s et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 251 (1998), 36-44], two full-length cDNAs (LOX2:Hv:2, LOX2:Hv:3) were isolated from barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare cv. Salome) and characterized. Both of them encode 13-lipoxygenases with putative target sequences for chloroplast import. Immunogold labeling revealed preferential, if not exclusive, localization of lipoxygenase proteins in the stroma. The ultrastructure of the chloroplast was dramatically altered following methyl jasmonate treatment, indicated by a loss of thylakoid membranes, decreased number of stacks and appearance of numerous osmiophilic globuli. The three 13-lipoxygenases are differentially expressed during treatment with jasmonate, salicylate, glucose or sorbitol. Metabolite profiling of free linolenic acid and free linoleic acid, the substrates of lipoxygenases, in water floated or jasmonate-treated leaves revealed preferential accumulation of linolenic acid. Remarkable amounts of free 9- as well as 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid were found. In addition, metabolites of these hydroperoxides, such as the hydroxy derivatives and the respective aldehydes, appeared following methyl jasmonate treatment. These findings were substantiated by metabolite profiling of isolated chloroplasts, and subfractions including the envelope, the stroma and the thylakoids, indicating a preferential occurrence of lipoxygenase-derived products in the stroma and in the envelope. These data revealed jasmonate-induced activation of the hydroperoxide lyase and reductase branch within the lipoxygenase pathway and suggest differential activity of the three 13-lipoxygenases under different stress conditions. 相似文献