吸烟大鼠肺脏AQP4 和MUC5AC 的表达及其与 一氧化氮的关系

目的:研究烟草烟雾吸入对大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白4(AQP4)和粘蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)表达的影响及其与支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢物水平的关系,探讨氧化应激对肺部水转运和粘液分泌的影响。方法:免疫组化法观察AQP4在肺组织内的表达,平均光密度法比较模型组和空白组大鼠AQP4的表达差异;半定量RT-PCR法检测肺组织内AQP4及MUC5AC mRNA的表达水平;硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢产物的浓度,分析模型组AQP4、MUC5AC mRNA的表达水平与支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢物浓度之间的相关关系。结果:AQP4在空白对照组呈强阳性染色,在模型组呈弱阳性染色,两者平均光密度值有显著差异(P<0.05)。模型组动物肺组织AQP4 mRNA的表达降低,MUC5AC mRNA的表达升高,与空白组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05),模型组动物支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢产物的浓度与肺组织AQP4 mRNA表达水平呈负相关,相关系数r=-0.798(,P<0.05),与MUC5AC mRNA的表达水平呈正相关,相关系数r=0.857(,P<0.05)。结论:吸烟可导致肺组织AQP4表达下降进而影响气道内水的转运。一氧化氮可能参与了烟雾吸入动物模型中AQP4与MUC5AC基因表达的调控。     

光照强度对小麦苗期草酸氧化酶活性的影响

以小麦品种‘烟优361’(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Yanyou 361)萌发4 d幼苗为试验材料,分析了草酸氧化酶(OxO)在幼苗中的定位和表达,以及光照强度处理对小麦幼苗OxO活性的影响。实验结果显示,萌发后小麦幼苗的OxO分布在子叶与根的连接处和成熟的根中,其活性随光照强度的增加而下降;200μmol.m-2.s-1的强光显著抑制了OxO活性,该处理培养4 d幼苗的OxO活性仅为40μmol.m-2.s-1光照培养条件下的18.7%;强光还缩短OxO在苗期的表达时间,抑制了OxO的mRNA表达量。同时,光照强度还能影响小麦幼苗中H2O2的含量,200μmol.m-2.s-1处理幼苗的H2O2的含量显著下降,其培养4 d的幼苗H2O2含量仅为40μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度培养条件下的18.0%。研究发现,光照强度可通过调节OxO的活性和表达量来控制H2O2的产量,从而影响幼苗的生长发育。     

Design,Synthesis and in Vitro Tumor Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 3,5‐Diamino‐N‐substituted Benzamide Derivatives as Novel GSK‐3β Small Molecule Inhibitors

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) plays an important regulatory role in various signaling pathways; such as PI3 K/AKT, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, the most reported active GSK‐3 inhibitors have the same structure: lactam ring or amide structure. To find out the GSK‐3β small molecule inhibitor with novel, safe, efficient and more uncomplicated synthesis method, we analyzed in‐depth reported crystal‐binding patterns of GSK‐3β small molecule inhibitor with GSK‐3β protein, and designed and synthesized 17 non‐reported 3,5‐diamino‐N‐substituted benzamide compounds. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, and HR‐MS. The preliminary screening of tumor cytotoxicity of compounds in vitro was detected by MTT, and their structure–activity relationships were illustrated. The results have shown that 3,5‐diamino‐N‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide ( 4d ) exhibited significant tumor cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells (HCT‐116) with IC₅₀ of 8.3 μm and showed commendable selectivity to GSK‐3β. In addition, Compound 4d induced apoptosis to some extent and possessed modest PK properties.     

饥饿对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼代谢、个性和集群的影响

在自然界中,环境变化、季节更替和人为因素造成食物资源时空分布的不均一性,导致鱼类经常面临食物资源短缺的环境胁迫,对其能量代谢和行为造成一定影响。为考察食物资源短缺下暖水性鲤科鱼类能量代谢、个性与集群行为的应对策略及其可能的内在关联,选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,分别测定饥饿组(2周)和对照组(维持日粮)在处理前后实验鱼的标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate,SMR)、个性行为(勇敢性、探索性和活跃性)以及实验处理后的集群行为(凝聚力和协调性)。研究发现:(1)饥饿组和对照组实验过程中实验鱼SMR均显著下降,但仅饥饿组实验鱼SMR具有重复性;(2)饥饿导致中华倒刺鲃幼鱼勇敢性、探索性、活跃性均显著增加;(3)饥饿导致群体成员间距离缩短,游泳速度及其同步性上升。研究表明:饥饿后的中华倒刺鲃不仅适应性降低SMR以减少能量消耗,而且呈现出更高的勇敢性、探索性和活跃性以利于获取食物资源;饥饿迫使中华倒刺鲃群体提高凝聚力和协调性,可能有助于提高群体的生存能力。     

Electrochemical analysis of Clostridium propionicum and its acrylic acid production in microbial fuel cells

Currently, acrylic acid is produced at a low yield by the resting cells of Clostridium propionicum with the supplement of extra electron acceptors. As an alternative way, acrylic acid production coupled with electricity generation was achieved by C. propionicum‐based microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Electricity was generated in the salt‐bridge MFCs with cysteine and resazurin in the anode chamber as mediators, and K₃Fe(CN)₆ as the cathode electron acceptor. Power generation was 21.78 mW/m² with an internal resistance of 9809 Ω. Cyclic voltammograms indicated the main mechanism of power production was the electron transfer facilitated by mediators in the system. In the salt‐bridge MFC system, 0.694 mM acrylic acid was produced together with electricity generation.     

黑颈鹤在新疆罗布泊和昆仑山分布及种群状况

黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)俗称"吐尔那",在新疆罕见,主要分布在与西藏和青海接壤的阿尔金山、昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山区.作者1985～2010年间在若羌(祁曼塔格、东昆仑山、阿尔金山)、且末(吐拉牧场、车尔臣河流域)、和田(阿克赛钦湖)、墨玉、皮山(喀拉喀什河流域)、叶城(叶尔羌河流域)等地记录到黑颈鹤.采用...     

猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗体化学发光酶联免疫检测方法的建立

表达并纯化猪O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP1重组蛋白作为检测抗原,建立了一种快速检测猪O型口蹄疫病毒抗体的化学发光酶联免疫(CLEIA)检测方法。建立的VP1-CLEIA方法特异性为100%,板内变异系数在1.10%–6.70%之间,板间变异系数在0.66%–4.80%之间,具有较好的特异性和重复性,且灵敏度高于ELISA方法。通过对山东、辽宁、河北地区采集的250份临床血清的检测表明,该方法与间接ELISA试剂盒的符合率为93.50%,与液相阻断ELISA试剂盒的符合率为94.00%,表明本次建立的VP1-CLEIA检测方法可以用于猪O型FMDV感染或疫苗免疫后抗体水平检测。     

Stem cell aging is controlled both intrinsically and extrinsically in the Drosophila ovary

It is widely postulated that tissue aging could be, at least partially, caused by reduction of stem cell number, activity, or both. However, the mechanisms of controlling stem cell aging remain largely a mystery. Here, we use Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) as a model to demonstrate that age-dependent decline in the functions of stem cells and their niche contributes to overall stem cell aging. BMP signaling activity from the niche significantly decreases with age, and increasing BMP signaling can prolong GSC life span and promote their proliferation. In addition, the age-dependent E-cadherin decline in the stem cell-niche junction also contributes to stem cell aging. Finally, overexpression of SOD, an enzyme that helps eliminate free oxygen species, in either GSCs or their niche alone can prolong GSC life span and increase GSC proliferation. Therefore, this study demonstrates that stem cell aging is controlled extrinsically and intrinsically in the Drosophila ovary.     

Prospective of Genomics in Revealing Transmission, Reassortment and Evolution of Wildlife-Borne Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses

The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 disease has led to significant loss of poultry and wild life and case fatality rates in humans of 60%. Wild birds are natural hosts for all avian influenza virus subtypes and over120 bird species have been reported with evidence of H5N1 infection. Influenza A viruses possess a segmented RNA genome and are characterized by frequently occurring genetic reassortment events, which play a very important role in virus evolution and the spread of novel gene constellations in immunologically naïve human and animal populations. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome or sub-genomic sequences is a standard means for delineating genetic variation, novel reassortment events, and surveillance to trace the global transmission pathways. In this paper, special emphasis is given to the transmission and circulation of H5N1 among wild life populations, and to the reassortment events that are associated with inter-host transmission of the H5N1 viruses when they infect different hosts, such as birds, pigs and humans. In addition, we review the inter-subtype reassortment of the viral segments encoding inner proteins between the H5N1 viruses and viruses of other subtypes, such as H9N2 and H6N1. Finally, we highlight the usefulness of genomic sequences in molecular epidemiological analysis of HPAI H5N1 and the technical limitations in existing analytical methods that hinder them from playing a greater role in virological research.     

Self-assembled graphene platelet-glucose oxidase nanostructures for glucose biosensing

Graphene platelet-glucose oxidase (GP-GOD) nanostructures have been prepared through self-assembly of GOD and chitosan (CS) functionalized GPs by electrostatic attraction in aqueous solution. The stable aqueous dispersion of GPs was prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide with the use of CS as a reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the resulting GPs and GP-GOD nanostructures. Furthermore, a glucose biosensor was constructed by deposition of the resultant GP-GOD on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. It was found that the resulting biosensor exhibits good response to glucose. The linear detection range is estimated to be from 2 to 22 mM (r=0.9987), and the detection limit is estimated to be 20 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.