全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24419篇 |
免费 | 2123篇 |
国内免费 | 2775篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 65篇 |
2023年 | 356篇 |
2022年 | 820篇 |
2021年 | 1326篇 |
2020年 | 1001篇 |
2019年 | 1177篇 |
2018年 | 1054篇 |
2017年 | 842篇 |
2016年 | 1164篇 |
2015年 | 1638篇 |
2014年 | 1987篇 |
2013年 | 2051篇 |
2012年 | 2489篇 |
2011年 | 2353篇 |
2010年 | 1425篇 |
2009年 | 1226篇 |
2008年 | 1399篇 |
2007年 | 1227篇 |
2006年 | 1023篇 |
2005年 | 843篇 |
2004年 | 676篇 |
2003年 | 624篇 |
2002年 | 518篇 |
2001年 | 231篇 |
2000年 | 235篇 |
1999年 | 217篇 |
1998年 | 160篇 |
1997年 | 141篇 |
1996年 | 119篇 |
1995年 | 97篇 |
1994年 | 101篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 93篇 |
1991年 | 87篇 |
1990年 | 72篇 |
1989年 | 53篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Xu Liu Ben Chen Lulan Chen Wan-Ting Ren Juan Liu Guoxiang Wang Wei Fan Xin Wang Yun Wang 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Phenol red is widely used in cell culture as a pH indicator. Recently, it also has been reported to have estrogen-like bioactivity and be capable of promoting cell proliferation in different cell lines. However, the effect of phenol red on primary neuronal culture has never been investigated. By using patch clamp technique, we demonstrated that hippocampal pyramidal neurons cultured in neurobasal medium containing no phenol red had large depolarization-associated epileptiform bursting activities, which were rarely seen in neurons cultured in phenol red-containing medium. Further experiment data indicate that the suppressive effect of the phenol red on the abnormal epileptiform burst neuronal activities was U-shape dose related, with the most effective concentration at 28 µM. In addition, this concentration related inhibitory effect of phenol red on the epileptiform neuronal discharges was mimicked by 17-β-estradiol, an estrogen receptor agonist, and inhibited by ICI-182,780, an estrogen receptor antagonist. Our results suggest that estrogen receptor activation by phenol red in the culture medium prevents formation of abnormal, epileptiform burst activity. These studies highlight the importance of phenol red as estrogen receptor stimulator and cautions of careful use of phenol red in cell culture media. 相似文献
16.
Metabolic pathway analysis, one of the most important fields in biochemistry, is pivotal to understanding the maintenance and modulation of the functions of an organism. Good comprehension of metabolic pathways is critical to understanding the mechanisms of some fundamental biological processes. Given a small molecule or an enzyme, how may one identify the metabolic pathways in which it may participate? Answering such a question is a first important step in understanding a metabolic pathway system. By utilizing the information provided by chemical-chemical interactions, chemical-protein interactions, and protein-protein interactions, a novel method was proposed by which to allocate small molecules and enzymes to 11 major classes of metabolic pathways. A benchmark dataset consisting of 3,348 small molecules and 654 enzymes of yeast was constructed to test the method. It was observed that the first order prediction accuracy evaluated by the jackknife test was 79.56% in identifying the small molecules and enzymes in a benchmark dataset. Our method may become a useful vehicle in predicting the metabolic pathways of small molecules and enzymes, providing a basis for some further analysis of the pathway systems. 相似文献
17.
18.
Marie Lipoldová Helena Havelková Jana Badalová Jarmila Vojtíšková Lei Quan Magdaléna Krulová Yahya Sohrabi Alphons P. Stassen Peter Demant 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2010,59(2):203-213
Low infiltration of lymphocytes into cancers is associated with poor prognosis, but the reasons why some patients exhibit
a low and others a high infiltration of tumors are unknown. Previously we mapped four loci (Lynf1–Lynf4) controlling lymphocyte infiltration of mouse lung tumors. These loci do not encode any of the molecules that are involved
in traffic of lymphocytes. Here we report a genetic relationship between these loci and the control of production of IFNγ
in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). We found that IFNγ production by lymphocytes of O20/A mice is lower than by
lymphocytes of OcB-9/Dem mice (both H2
pz
) stimulated in MLC by irradiated splenocytes of C57BL/10SnPh (H2
b
) or BALB/cHeA (H2
d
) mice, or by ConA. IFNγ production in MLCs of individual (O20 × OcB-9)F2 mice stimulated by irradiated C57BL/10 splenocytes and genotyped for microsatellite markers revealed four IFNγ-controlling
loci (Cypr4-Cypr7), each of which is closely linked with one of the four Lynf loci and with a cluster of susceptibility genes for different tumors. This suggests that inherited differences in certain
lymphocyte responses may modify their propensity to infiltrate tumors and their capacity to affect tumor growth. 相似文献
19.
Soil and climate are major constituents of the French notion of Terroir. This concept implies that there is a strong relationship
between the composition of the grape, the characteristics of the wine and the territory of production. To study this link,
a new method of characterization of the Terroir, including geological and pedological factors, was investigated. It uses a
field model based on depth and clay content of soil, together with the degree of weathering of the parent rock. Consequently,
for every type of parent rock belonging to a given geologic stage, there are a series of soils that show different stages
of pedological evolution. According to the model, three kinds of soils are distinguished with regards to the weathering intensity
of the parent rock, that are named weakly weathered rock (WWR), moderately weathered rock (MWR) and strongly weathered rock
(SWR). By hypothesis, each soil type is considered as a homogeneous unit for vine production from the viewpoint of ecophysiological
factors. Each terroir unit defined by this method is called a Basic Terroir Unit (BTU). To validate this hypothesis, experimental
plots planted with Chenin and Cabernet Franc vines were studied over three consecutive seasons (2000–2002), in the Anjou vineyard
(Loire Valley – France). The major BTUs developed on the two most important geological systems of Anjou (Brioverian and Ordovician–Devonian),
were studied. Results showed that the berries of vines cultivated in WWR were significantly smaller, richer in sugars and
anthocyanins and had a Total Phenolic Index higher than those of the vines cultivated in SWR. They also had a lower titratable
acidity. Cabernet Franc vines cultivated in MWR had berries with sugar and anthocyanin contents but also total phenolics very
close to those of WWR. With Chenin vines there was a good relationship between the global pool of free aromas of berries and
the BTU type. The study showed significant relationships between the quality of grapes and the measured values of several
ecophysiological variables such as the water supply regime or the timing of budburst. 相似文献
20.