植食性同翅目昆虫寻找和接受植物韧皮部过程中的细胞与化学探试(英文)

植食性同翅目昆虫在最终接受其宿主植物的过程中,将感受从叶表层直到韧皮部筛管途中存在的多种化学物质,并导致不同的刺探和取食行为。本文就植物叶表层存在的糖类和生物碱类物质,叶肉层的多糖类、酸碱度和酚类物质以及韧皮部内的氨基酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物和植物次生物质等对昆虫寻找及取食韧皮部行为的影响作一综述,并且还探讨了植物叶肉层的细胞结构对昆虫刺探及取食行为的可能影响。此外,结合刺探电位(electrical penetration graphs,EPGs)的研究结果,还讨论了昆虫感受植物叶组织内部的各种化学和细胞结构信息的可能机制。     

Regulation of μ-Opioid Receptor mRNA in Rat Globus Pallidus: Effects of Enkephalin Increases Induced by Short- and Long-Term Haloperidol Administration

Abstract: The mRNA encoding μ-opioid receptors is expressed in neurons of the globus pallidus, a region of the basal ganglia that receives a dense enkephalinergic innervation from the striatum. The regulation of the mRNAs encoding the opioid peptide enkephalin in the striatum and the μ-opioid receptor in the globus pallidus was examined with in situ hybridization histochemistry following short- or long-term haloperidol treatments, which alter striatal enkephalin mRNA levels. Animals were administered haloperidol daily for 3 or 7 days (1 mg/kg, s.c.) or continuously for 8 months (1 mg/kg, depot followed by oral). Enkephalin and μ-opioid receptor mRNA levels were unchanged after 3 days of haloperidol treatment. In contrast, the enkephalin mRNA level was increased in the striatum, and μ-opioid receptor mRNA levels were markedly decreased in the globus pallidus after 7 days of haloperidol administration. Similar effects were observed in rats treated with haloperidol for 8 months. The results provide the first evidence of regulation of μ-opioid receptor mRNA in vivo.     

基因工程链激酶(r—SK)纯化及其单克隆抗体制备和鉴定

采用Rotofor等电聚焦和分子筛技术纯化大肠杆菌表达的重组链激酶(r—SK),其纯度为97%。比活性1×10⁶IU／mg,回收率41％。分析所纯化的r—SK　N端氨基酸顺序证实其1—15个氨基酸顺序与SK基因的核苷酸顺序所示3联密码子一致。以纯化r—SK为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术构建了分泌抗r—SK单克隆抗体(McAb)杂交瘤细胞(4D11),该McAb属IgG1亚型．特异地作用于r-SK和C组口溶血性链球菌分泌的SK。用底物显色法测定该McAb可抑制SK对纤溶酶原的激活。Western blot法证实该McAb能识别分子量为16 250Da的r—SK的CNBr裂解片段。推测SK蛋白中第71残基至第237残基间的氨基酸顺序参与SK与纤溶酶原的结合。     

Distribution of zinc metallothionein I mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization

Metallothionein (MT) isoforms I and II were first identified and characterized in our laboratories in several regions of brain, in hippocampal neurons in primary culture, and in retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In this study, by having employed the MT-I cDNA as a probe, we sought to gain additional insight about the function of MT by discerning the regional distribution of its mRNA. Northern blot analyses of brain mRNA revealed that the administration of zinc enhanced dramatically MT-I mRNA (570 bp). The in situ hybridization study revealed that MT-I mRNA was located in several areas of brain, with the highest concentrations found in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and ventricles. The results of these studies are interpreted to suggest that zinc enhances the synthesis of MT mRNA and MT in turn may participate in zinc associated functions in neurons.Abbreviations MT-I Metallothionein I isoform - mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid - ³⁵S dCTP ³⁵S Deoxycytidine triphosphate - ³²P dCTP ³²P Deoxycytidine triphosphate - icv Intracerebroventricularly - IP Intraperitoneally - PBS Paraformaldehyde phosphate buffered saline solution - Tris 2 amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3 diol - EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - cDNA Complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid - bp Base pair     

几种濒危植物及其近缘类群总DNA的提取与鉴定

用低ｐＨ 介质,高盐沉淀蛋白质方法成功地从银杉（Ｃａｔｈａｙａ ａｒｇｙｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｃｈｕｎ ｅｔＫｕａｎｇ）、矮牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ ｖａｒ． ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅａ）、南川升麻（Ｃｉｍ ｉｃｉｆｕｇａ ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｉａｏ）、裂叶沙参（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａ ｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）的同属种泡沙参（Ａ． ｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉｉ）等植物中提取和部分纯化了细胞总ＤＮＡ,并对其产率、质量和纯度作了鉴定。此方法的关键是用了一个低ｐＨ提取介质,它能有效防止组织破碎及沉淀大量材料时的电离化作用及酚化合物的进一步氧化。所得ＤＮＡ 不需经氯化铯梯度离心或柱层析,直接可用于限制性片断长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及随机扩增的ＤＮＡ多态性（ＲＡＰＤ）等分子水平的遗传标记。为检测濒危植物的遗传多样性提供了一套迅速、简便和可靠的技术方案     

蛇床幼茎离体培养中体细胞胚胎形成的观察

蛇床幼茎外植体经诱导产生了愈伤组织。在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ,０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基中,愈伤组织转变成胚性愈伤组织。转入ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基以后,胚性愈伤组织分化出体细胞胚胎。体细胞胚胎在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基中可直接发育成为完整植析。显微观察表明,体细胞胚胎产生于愈伤组织的表层细胞或内部细胞。在鱼雷胚期已有螺纹导管的分化。子叶期的维管组织从两     

甘肃稀有濒危植物的地理分布和区系特征

分析了甘肃稀有濒危植物５１个种的地理分布和４８个属的分布区类型及其区系特征。     

大阪鲫鱼（Carassius Auratus cuvieri Temminck et．Schlegel）雌性特异血清蛋白生化特性及免疫细胞化学定位的研究

雌性特异血清蛋白存在于成熟雌性大阪鲫鱼血清中,雄鱼则无。注射雌二醇可诱导雄鱼及成熟雌鱼合成这种蛋白质并引起鱼肝细胞粗面内质网增加,糖元颗粒减少。从诱导的大阪鲫鱼血清中分离出电泳纯的雌性特异血清蛋白的分子量为４６６０００±４０００（ｎ＝１０）,电泳谱带有３条,用纯的雌性特异血海蛋白制备的兔抗鱼抗血清不与雄鱼血清发生免疫反应,而与正常成熟雌鱼及诱导鱼的血清形成１条免疫沉淀线。免疫细胞化学定位诱导及成熟雌鱼的肝细胞核外细胞质有阳性颗粒,在卵母细胞外围有成团的阳性颗粒分布。     

细叶黄芪叶肉原生质体发育早期几种细胞器的变化

在细叶黄芪叶肉原生质体发育早期,细胞器的变化较大。离体培养4h后,线粒体的嵴和基质物质开始增加。培养3—5天后,线粒体的数量增加5倍以上,此时可见大部分线粒体围绕细胞核分布。在培养24h后,高尔基体开始发育,它们主要分布在细胞质周边区域。多糖细胞化学染色表明,高尔基体内沉积着大量嗜银物质。培养1天后,粗面内质网开始发育。培养3天时,部分叶绿体边缘出现一些空隙结构。随着叶绿体内膜结构的消失,淀粉粒增大,叶绿体逐渐转变为造粉质体。