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961.
962.
Wyatt CM Shi Q Novak JE Hoover DR Szczech L Mugabo JS Binagwaho A Cohen M Mutimura E Anastos K 《PloS one》2011,6(3):e18352
Background
In the United States, HIV-related kidney disease disproportionately affects individuals of African descent; however, there are few estimates of kidney disease prevalence in Africa. We evaluated the prevalence of kidney disease among HIV-infected and uninfected Rwandan women.Methods
The Rwandan Women''s Interassociation Study and Assessment prospectively enrolled 936 women. Associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and proteinuria were assessed in separate logistic regression models.Results
Among 891 non-pregnant women with available data, 2.4% had an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, MDRD eGFR) and 8.7% had proteinuria ≥1+. The prevalence of decreased eGFR varied markedly depending on the estimating method used, with the highest prevalence by Cockcroft-Gault. Regardless of the method used to estimate GFR, the proportion with decreased eGFR or proteinuria did not differ significantly between HIV-infected and -uninfected women in unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for age and blood pressure, HIV infection was associated with significantly higher odds of decreased MDRD eGFR but not proteinuria.Conclusion
In a well-characterized cohort of Rwandan women, HIV infection was associated with decreased MDRD eGFR. The prevalence of decreased eGFR among HIV-infected women in our study was lower than that previously reported in African-Americans and in other Central and East African HIV populations, although there was substantial variability depending on the equation used to estimate GFR. Future studies are needed to optimize GFR estimates and to determine the impact of antiretroviral therapy on kidney disease in this population. 相似文献963.
964.
Audrey Laurent Julie Masse Stéphane Deschamps Agnes Burel Francis Omilli Laurent Richard‐Parpaillon Isabelle Pellerin 《Development, growth & differentiation》2009,51(8):699-706
ZFPIP/Zfp462 has been recently identified as a new vertebrate zinc finger encoding gene whose product interacts with Pbx1. Previous work indicates that ZFPIP is maternally expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and plays a key role during the cleavage phase of embryogenesis. This early expression is followed by a zygotic expression which overlaps with the neural Pbx1 expression pattern, suggesting an interaction between these two partners during Xenopus neurogenesis. In order to test the physiological interaction between ZFPIP and Pbx1, we carried out a dominant negative assay in which the Pbx1 interacting domain of ZFPIP (ZFPIPp) was overexpressed in Xenopus laevis embryos. We observed that ZFPIPp ectopic expression led to abnormal en2 and N‐cam expression patterns, whereas krox‐20 expression was not affected. Furthermore, we showed that while ZFPIPp alone was localized in the nucleus of Cos‐7 cells, additional expression of Pbx1 induced a location of ZFPIPp at the perinuclear region of the cells. These overall data suggest that ZFPIP and Pbx1 could be partners and cooperate in the regulation of essential neural genes during Xenopus development. 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
Agnes Weiss Valérie Jérôme Diana Burghardt Likke Likke Stefan Peiffer Eugen M. Hofstetter Ralf Gabler Ruth Freitag 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,84(5):987-1001
A continuously operated, thermophilic, municipal biogas plant was observed over 26 months (sampling twice per month) in regard
to a number of physicochemical parameters and the biogas production. Biogas yields were put in correlation to parameters such
as the volatile fatty acid concentration, the pH and the ammonium concentration. When the residing microbiota was classified
via analysis of the 16S rRNA genes, most bacterial sequences matched with unidentified or uncultured bacteria from similar
habitats. Of the archaeal sequences, 78.4% were identified as belonging to the genus Methanoculleus, which has not previously been reported for biogas plants, but is known to efficiently use H2 and CO2 produced by the degradation of fatty acids by syntrophic microorganisms. In order to further investigate the influence of
varied amounts of ammonia (2–8 g/L) and volatile fatty acids on biogas production and composition (methane/CO2), laboratory scale satellite experiments were performed in parallel to the technical plant. Finally, ammonia stripping of
the process water of the technical plant was accomplished, a measure through which the ammonia entering the biogas reactor
via the mash could be nearly halved, which increased the energy output of the biogas plant by almost 20%. 相似文献
968.
Diane H. Boschelli Daniel Wang Amar S. Prashad Joan Subrath Biqi Wu Chuan Niu Julie Lee Xiaoke Yang Agnes Brennan Divya Chaudhary 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(13):3623-3626
The key intermediate, 4-chloro-5-iodo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile, allowed for ready optimization of the PKCθ inhibitory activity of a series of 3-pyridinecarbonitriles. Analog 13b with a 4-methylindol-5-ylamino group at C-4 and a 4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl group at C-5 had an IC50 value of 7.4 nM for the inhibition of PKCθ. 相似文献
969.
T Riley D Christopher J Arp A Casazza A Colombani A Cooper M Dey J Maas J Mitchell M Reiners N Sigari T Tougas S Lyapustina 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2012,13(3):978-989
The purpose of this article is to review the suitability of the analytical and statistical techniques that have thus far been developed to assess the dissolution behavior of particles in the respirable aerodynamic size range, as generated by orally inhaled products (OIPs) such as metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. The review encompasses all analytical techniques publicized to date, namely, those using paddle-over-disk USP 2 dissolution apparatus, flow-through cell dissolution apparatus, and diffusion cell apparatus. The available techniques may have research value for both industry and academia, especially when developing modified-release formulations. The choice of a method should be guided by the question(s) that the research strives to answer, as well as by the strengths and weaknesses of the available techniques. There is still insufficient knowledge, however, for translating the dissolution data into statements about quality, performance, safety, or efficacy of OIPs in general. Any attempts to standardize a dissolution method for compendial inclusion or compendial use would therefore be premature. This review reinforces and expands on the 2008 stimulus article of the USP Inhalation Ad Hoc Advisory Panel, which "could not find compelling evidence suggesting that such dissolution testing is kinetically and/or clinically crucial for currently approved inhalation drug products." 相似文献
970.
Bodil Jönsson Malin Ridell Agnes E. Wold 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2012,14(13):1186-1195
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is produced by a subset of CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes known as Th17 cells. In humans, IL-1β, enhanced by IL-6 and IL-23 is crucial for differentiation of these cells. IL-17 evokes inflammation and is involved in host defence against microorganisms, although little is known about its role in diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The genus Mycobacterium contains both obligate and opportunistic pathogens as well as saprophytes, and the mycobacterial cell envelope is unique in its abundance of lipids. Here we investigated IL-17 and IL-23 production in human PBMC in response to intact UV-inactivated mycobacteria and mycobacterial surface lipids from two opportunistic (Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus) and one generally non-pathogenic (Mycobacterium gordonae) species. Representative Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mitis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were included as controls. Intact mycobacteria induced production of large amounts of IL-17, while IL-17 responses to control bacteria were negligible. Purified CD4+ T cells, but not CD4-depleted cell fractions, produced this IL-17. Isolated mycobacterial surface lipids induced IL-17, but not IL-23 production. The ability of the non-tuberculous mycobacteria to induce IL-17 production in CD4+ T cells was the same regardless of the pathogenic potential of the particular mycobacterial species. 相似文献