半夏蛋白在小鼠早期妊娠子宫结合部位的检测

利用辣根过氧化物酶标记定位技术对半夏蛋白抗小鼠早期妊娠的作用原理进行了探讨。结果显示小鼠子宫内膜和腺管上皮以及胚胎外胚盘锥体部分呈现明显的酶棕显色颗粒,它们的产生能被未经酶标半夏蛋白所抑制。子宫内膜和胚胎的其他部分均未见与半夏蛋白有专一性的结合。本文对半夏蛋白的抗生育机理进行了简略的讨论。     

Masking of Pleomorphic Glycogen Sites by Methanolic Uranyl Acetate

Rat liver tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with cacodylic acid (pH 7.3) for 2 hr, washed twice in buffer, and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide at 4 C for 1 hr. The tissue then was dehydrated, infiltrated with and embedded in Epon by routine proocdures. The ultra thin sections from this tissue, when stained with spectroscopic grade methanol saturated with uranyl acetate (SMUA) for 1 min followed by aqueous lead citrate (PbCi) (Reynolds 1963) for 5 min at room temperature, showed a uniform staining of all major allular components ercept glycogen. The SMUA appeared to be specific for ribonucleoprotein granules, rendering them more prominent in the cytoplasm due to the lack of glycogen staining. The question of glycogen removal from the sections due to SMUA treatment was evaluated using various extractions and staining methods. It appeared that SMUA pretreatment alters the subsequent binding ability of lead salts, resulting in lack of glycogen staining, although it does not remove the glycogen from the sections.     

Bayesian adaptive sequence alignment algorithms

The selection of a scoring matrix and gap penalty parameters continues to be an important problem in sequence alignment. We describe here an algorithm, the 'Bayes block aligner, which bypasses this requirement. Instead of requiring a fixed set of parameter settings, this algorithm returns the Bayesian posterior probability for the number of gaps and for the scoring matrices in any series of interest. Furthermore, instead of returning the single best alignment for the chosen parameter settings, this algorithm returns the posterior distribution of all alignments considering the full range of gapping and scoring matrices selected, weighing each in proportion to its probability based on the data. We compared the Bayes aligner with the popular Smith-Waterman algorithm with parameter settings from the literature which had been optimized for the identification of structural neighbors, and found that the Bayes aligner correctly identified more structural neighbors. In a detailed examination of the alignment of a pair of kinase and a pair of GTPase sequences, we illustrate the algorithm's potential to identify subsequences that are conserved to different degrees. In addition, this example shows that the Bayes aligner returns an alignment-free assessment of the distance between a pair of sequences.      

Generation and exploration of a dense genetic map in a region of a QTL affecting corpora lutea in a Meishan × Yorkshire cross

Previously genomic scans revealed quantitative trait loci (QTL) on porcine Chromosome 8 (SSC8) as significantly affecting the number of corpora lutea (CL) in swine. In one study, statistical evidence for the putative QTL was found in the chromosomal region defined by the microsatellites (MS) SW205, SW444, SW206, and SW29. A Yeast Artificial Chromosome library was screened by using the corresponding primers for clones containing these MS by PCR. From five positive YAC clones, 10 additional MS were isolated and mapped to SSC8 with the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine Radiation Hybrid (IMpRH) panel. The genetic map position of the QTL has been refined by addition of these 10 markers. The QTL evaluation included pedigrees of F₂-intercross Meishan × Yorkshire design, with phenotypic data of 108 F₂ female offspring and genotypic data for 29 MS markers on SSC8. The analysis was performed by using the least squares regression method. The calculated QTL effect for CL obtained by the multilocus least squares method showed a maximum test statistic (F value = 13.98) at position 99 cM between three MS derived from YACs containing SW205 and SW1843 spanning an interval of 7.1 cM. The point-wise (nominal) P-value was 5.21 × 10⁻⁶ corresponding to a genome-wide P-value of 0.009. The additive QTL effect explained 17.4% of the phenotypic variance. Received: 23 December 2000 / Accepted: 07 May 2001     

Directed isolation and mapping of microsatellites from swine Chromosome 1q telomeric region through microdissection and RH mapping

Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (vertebrate number, birth weight, age at puberty, growth rate, gestation length, and backfat depth) have been independently mapped to the distal region of swine Chromosome (SSC) 1q in several resource populations. In order to improve the map resolution and refine these QTLs more precisely on SSC1q, we have isolated and mapped additional microsatellites (ms), using chromosome microdissection and radiation hybrid (RH) mapping. Five copies of the telomeric region of SSC1q were microdissected from metaphase spreads and pooled. The chromosomal fragment DNA was randomly amplified by using degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR), enriched for ms, and subcloned into a PCR vector. Screening of subsequent clones with ms probes identified 23 unique ms sequences. Fifteen of these (65%) were subjected to radiation hybrid (RH) mapping by using the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine RH panel (IMpRH); and the remaining eight were not suited for the RH mapping. Twelve microsatellites were assigned to SSC1q telomeric region of IMpRH map (LOD >6), and three remain unlinked (LOD <6). Out of the 15 microsatellite markers, 9 were polymorphic in NIAI reference population based on the Meishan and G?ttingen miniature pig. In summary, we have used microdissection and radiation hybrid mapping to clone and map 12 new microsatellites to the swine gene map to increase the resolution of SSC1q in the region of known QTLs. Received: 19 December 2000 / Accepted: 28 February 2001     

Diagnostic Tools for Integrated In Situ Air Sparging Pilot Tests

In situ air sparging (IAS) pilot test procedures have been developed that provide rapid, on-site information about IAS performance. The standard pilot test consists of six activities conducted to look for indicators of infeasibility and to characterize the air distribution to the extent necessary to make design decisions about IAS well placement. In addition, safety hazards that need to be addressed prior to full-scale design are identified. Two additional pilot test activities are described in those cases where air distribution must be more precisely defined. The test activities include both chemical tests (tracking contaminant concentrations, dissolved oxygen and tracers) and physical tests (air flow rate and injection pressure, groundwater pressure response). Pilot test data from Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska illustrates implementation of the pilot test and interpretation of the data.