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971.
Four naturally occurring compounds, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), apigenin (Api), ellagic acid (EA) and tannic acid (TA), were tested for their inhibitory effects against 1-nitropyrene- (1-NP) or 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP)-induced genotoxicity in Salmonella tester strains and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Api and TA strongly inhibited the bacterial mutagenesis induced by nitropyrenes, while 13C and EA had little or no effect. For example, in TA98, 0.2 μmole Api resulted in 48% and 56% inhibition of the mutagenicity induced by 4 nmole 1-NP and 0.035 nmole 1,6-DNP, respectively. With an equal dose, expected, a good correlation was observed between the antimutagenicity of nitropyrenes and their inhibitory effect on nitroreductase activity. This indicated that one of the possible antimutagenic mechanisms of Api or TA was to inactivate the metabolism of nitropyrenes. Two biological end-points, cytotoxicity and sister-chromatid exchange (SCEs), were used to screen the antigenotoxic effects of these compounds in CHO cells. At the sub-cytotoxic dose, 13C, Api and TA all protected against the cytotoxicity induced by 1-NP and 1,6-DNP, but only TA and Api gave a significant reduction of the frequency of SCEs. Moreover, this reduction was found to be highly dose-dependent. 相似文献
972.
Stomatal responses to light in the facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism species, Portulacaria afra 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Guard cell responses to light are mediated by guard cell chlorophyll and by a specific blue light photoreceptor. Gas exchange and epidermal peel techniques were employed to investigate these responses in the facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species, Portulacaria afra (L.) Jacq. In P. afra individuals performing C3 metabolism, red light stimulated an increase in leaf conductance in intact leaves and stomatal opening in isolated epidermal peels, indicating the presence in guard cells of the chlorophyll-mediated response to light. Under a background of continuous red illumination, conductance exhibited transient increases following pulses of blue but not red light, indicating that the specific stomatal response to blue light was also operative. In contrast, in CAM individuals, conductance in gas exchange experiments and stomatal opening in epidermal peel experiments were not stimulated by red light. In CAM plants, conductance did not increase following blue light pulses administered over a range of temperatures, vapor pressure differences (VPD), ambient CO2 concentrations and background red light intensities. These results indicate that P. afra does possess typical guard cell responses to light when performing C3 metabolism. The metabolic pathways mediating these responses are either lost or inhibited when CAM is induced. 相似文献
973.
The neutrophil has been implicated as a source of oxygen free radicals provoking the reperfusion injury in various ischemic organs. This provided the motivation to explore the pathophysiologic role of the neutrophil in a swine model of postischemic latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. Neutrophil function, neutrophil sequestration, and the anatomic distribution of muscle injury were estimated following a 6- to 8-hour global ischemic insult. Neutrophil function as measured by phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide production was found to be enhanced on reperfusion of ischemic flaps (n = 17). Neutrophil sequestration estimated from the arterial-venous difference of flap blood (n = 12) demonstrated that postischemic flaps more avidly sequester neutrophils than nonischemic flaps. The anatomic distribution of muscle injury (n = 7) was predominantly localized to the proximal portion of the ischemic flap. The enhanced functional response exhibited by neutrophils reperfusing an ischemic myocutaneous flap supports an active neutrophil role in the mediation of reperfusion injury. 相似文献
974.
The steroidal 20-carboxamides [(20R)- and (20S)-21-(N-substituted amino)-11 beta,17,20-trihydroxy-3,21-dioxo-1,4-pregnadiene] recently have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of inflammation. These N-substituted methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and benzyl derivatives also exhibited suppressive effects on plasma corticosterone and thymus function. Generally, the (20R)-hydroxy-20-carboxamides were more potent than the corresponding (20S)-epimers. In continuing investigations on the glucocorticoid effects of these compounds, we have studied their ability to induce tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), inhibit uptake of [3H]thymidine into DNA, and complete with [3H] dexamethasone for binding to the hepatoma tissue culture glucocorticoid receptor. Results indicated that the N-substituted methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl derivatives were full glucocorticoid agonists in the three measurements. Receptor binding affinities of the N-substituted carboxamides correlated well with their ability to induce TAT activity and to inhibit thymocyte proliferation. Structure-activity relationships indicated that the larger the N-substituent, the weaker the agonist activity in this system, and 20R isomers exhibited higher glucocorticoid agonist activity than the corresponding 20S isomers. This investigation is part of our effort to elucidate structure-activity relationships of steroidal carboxamides synthesized on the basis of the antedrug concept. 相似文献
975.
976.
The primary function of synaptic vesicles is to store and release neurotransmitter. Synaptic vesicles are locally recycled following exocytosis and rapidly refilled with neurotransmitter from the cytoplasm by a process that depends on the electrochemical gradient generated by a proton pump. Little is known about the molecules that import neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles. We report here that the sequence of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 identifies this protein as a novel type of transmembrane transporter. The deduced amino acid sequence of SV2 contains two sets of six predicted transmembrane domains: the six most N-terminal transmembrane domains are highly homologous to a subfamily of transporters that includes the human glucose transporter, while the six most C-terminal domains are homologous to the plasma membrane transporters for neurotransmitters. We propose that SV2 mediates transport of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. 相似文献
977.
A cytoplasmic chaperonin that catalyzes beta-actin folding. 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
We have isolated a cytoplasmic chaperonin based on its ability to catalyze the folding of denatured beta-actin. The cytoplasmic chaperonin is organized as a multisubunit toroid and requires Mg2+ and ATP for activity. The folding reaction proceeds via the rapid ATP-independent formation of a binary complex, followed by a slower ATP-dependent release of the native product. Electron microscopic observations reveal a striking structural change that occurs upon addition of Mg2+ and ATP. The eukaryotic cytoplasm thus contains a chaperonin that is functionally analagous to its prokaryotic, mitochondrial, and chloroplastic counterparts. 相似文献
978.
DNA cleavage in trans by the active site tyrosine during Flp recombination: switching protein partners before exchanging strands. 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Each recombination event mediated by the Flp recombinase is the sum of four strand breakage and reunion reactions executed in two steps of two-strand exchanges. The reaction requires four Flp monomers. The key catalytic residue in Flp is Tyr-343. Arg-191, His-305, and Arg-308 appear to facilitate the cleavage and exchange steps of recombination. These four residues constitute the invariant tetrad of the Int family site-specific recombinases. Complementation tests between "step-arrest" mutants of Flp suggest that each Flp protomer harbors a "fractional active site." Hybrid "half site-recombinase" complexes reveal that efficient catalysis occurs when the Arg-His-Arg triad is present on one Flp monomer and the active site Tyr on a second monomer. Strand cleavage by an Flp monomer occurs virtually exclusively on the half site to which its partner protein is bound (cleavage in trans), and almost never on the half site to which it is bound (cleavage in cis). Trans-cleavage by Flp can provide a means for functionally exchanging Flp monomers between two DNA partners. Such a mechanism would be germane to recombination, since cleavage and rejoining in cis can only restore the parental substrate configuration and cannot yield recombinants. 相似文献
979.
Orosz SE Morris PJ Doody MC Niemeyer GP Cortelyou Lee J Eaton NL Lothrop CD 《Theriogenology》1992,37(5):993-1004
Folliculogenesis in response to exogenous stimulation by human urinary follicle stimulating hormone (huFSH) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was evaluated in the domestic queen (Felis catus). The role of LH and/or FSH in folliculogenesis was examined by measuring concentrations of estradiol 17beta (E(2)) and progesterone (P) in the serum. Additionally, changes in the number and size of follicles from before the administration of exogenous hormones to surgical oocyte collection were monitored. Findings indicated that in queens receiving huFSH or hMG followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation, the numbers of follicles from 1 to 3 mm increase with statistical significance (P<0.005) from before the initiation of treatment to surgical collection of oocytes. Although E(2) concentrations in cats receiving hMG increased above baseline by the third exogenous hormone injection, mean E(2) concentrations did not increase in the groups that received both huFSH and hCG, or hCG only, until after the administration of hCG. This suggests that the exogenous administration of LH contained in both hMG and hCG was necessary for E(2) to rise to levels associated with estrus. 相似文献
980.
Summary Clinical dextran with desired molecular weight was produced continuously in the two-stage reactor. Cells ofLeuconostoc meseteroides B512F cultivated in the first reactor were transferred to the second reactor where sucrose and primer were added for clinical dextran production. By using this two-stage reactor, the fraction of desired clinical dextran increased significantly when observed with gel permeation chromatography. 相似文献