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101.
PURPOSE: Evaluation of the fertility of a cohort of formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men in comparison with a group of formerly unilaterally cryptorchid men, and a group of control men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a detailed questionnaire concerning paternity and factors related to paternity, a cohort of formerly bilateral cryptorchid men were studied and compared with men who had undergone orchiopexy for unilateral cryptorchidism, and a group of control men. All study subjects had had surgery at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., between 1955 and 1975. A subset of the full cohort underwent clinical evaluation that included a physical examination, serum hormonal determination and semen analyses. RESULTS: Paternity rates are significantly lower among the formerly bilaterally cryptorchid men who have attempted to father a child (65.3%) as compared to the formerly unilaterally cryptorchid (89.7%; p < 0.001) and control men (93.2%; p < 0.001). Differences in the ability to father children are also apparent when semen and hormone levels are compared between the three groups. The bilateral group has significantly lower sperm density and inhibin B levels, and higher FSH and LH levels, than the unilateral and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Men born with bilateral cryptorchidism have severely compromised fertility in adulthood. This reduction in fertility is clearly shown in comparisons of both paternity rates, and in semen and hormone analyses, between the formerly bilateral, formerly unilateral, and control groups. 相似文献
102.
103.
In this study we present evidence to suggest that gastroduodenal mucosal defects may occur in gastric fistula dogs actively immunized with PGE2-thyroglobulin conjugate. One of four PGE2-immunized dogs developed a chronic pyloroduodenal ulcer with penetration into the pancreas and the other three had endoscopic evidence of gastric and/or duodenal erosions. In contrast, no gastroduodenal mucosal defects were seen in control dogs immunized with thyroglobulin alone. Occurrence of gastroduodenal ulcers or erosions was temporally related to formation of specific antibody to PGE2 suggesting that PGE2 antibody may be responsible for lesion formation. An increase in gastric acid secretion was not observed in PGE2-immunized dogs. Thus, it is likely that mucosal defects occur as a result of an impairment of PGE2-mediated mucosal defense mechanisms. Since gastroduodenal lesions can be visualized by endoscopy, the dog may prove to be useful in studying the role of endogenous PG in ulcer diseases. 相似文献
104.
G A Conder L F Mayberry J R Bristol G A Castro B L Lee D D Kratzer S D Folz D L Rector 《Prostaglandins》1987,34(6):817-827
PGE1 and PGE2 have been reported to enhance natural expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a nematode parasite, from the intestine of the rat. Mucus production may also be a key element of worm rejection. Our study attempts to determine if 1) PGE1 or PGE2 alter the normal course of infection with N. brasiliensis in rats, 2) a known mucous enhancing drug, acetazolamide, can augment the rate of worm expulsion, and 3) combinations of prostaglandins and acetazolamide affect N. brasiliensis in the rat. Rats were inoculated with approximately 1,000 infective larvae of N. brasiliensis. Animals were administered, intraduodenally, one of the following: 0.2 ml 0.9% NaCl; 0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE1/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE2/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms acetazolamide/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE1 or PGE2 + 250 micrograms acetazolamide/0.2 ml 100% ethanol. These solutions were given in a single bolus on day 6 postinoculation (PI) or twice daily on days 6-9 PI. Following these treatments the number of parasite ova per gram feces per day for days 6-10 PI and numbers of worms present at necropsy on day 10 PI were determined. Treatment with prostaglandins or acetazolamide or both failed to adversely affect egg deposition by adult female worms or the number of worms in the small intestine. These results do not support the involvement of prostaglandins in the expulsion of N. brasiliensis from the host intestine. 相似文献
105.
Some Properties of Extracellular Acetylxylan Esterase Produced by the Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Lee H To RJ Latta RK Biely P Schneider H 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1987,53(12):2831-2834
The red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa produced an esterase that accumulated in the culture supernatant on induction with triacetin. The enzyme was specific for substrates bearing an O-acetyl group, but was relatively nonspecific for the rest of the molecule, which could consist of a phenol, a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or an aliphatic alcohol. The esterase was more active against acetylxylan and glucose beta-d-pentaacetate than were a number of esterases from plant and animal sources, when activities on 4-nitrophenyl acetate were compared. The enzyme exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was active over a broad pH range (5.5 to 9.2), with an optimum between pH 8 and 10. In addition, the enzyme retained its activity for 2 h at 55 degrees C. The yeast that produced the enzyme did not produce xylanase and, hence, is of interest for the production of acetylxylan esterase that is free of xylanolytic activity. 相似文献
106.
Summary A model for uncoupled glucose uptake under energy-sufficient conditions is presented. The model is derived from glucose catabolic pathways. The resulting model predicts specific glucose uptake rate as a function of both growth rate and extracellular glucose concentration. This prediction is consistent with reported literature data. 相似文献
107.
Effect of bacterial growth-inhibiting ingredients on the Ames mutagenicity of medicinal herbs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A solvent fractionation method was introduced to screen for mutagenicity in 10 medicinal herbs being consumed in Korea. The Ames mutagenicity test result of Scutellariae and Rhei was significantly increased by eliminating growth-inhibiting substances through solvent fractionation of the crude extract. It is suggested that a physicochemical pretreatment should reduce the false-negative results which are caused by the presence of growth-inhibiting substances in complex mixtures. 相似文献
108.
Electric fields are capable of damaging cells through both thermal and nonthermal mechanisms. While joule heating is generally recognized to mediate tissue injury in electrical trauma, the possible role of electrical breakdown of cell membranes has not been thoroughly considered. Evidence is presented suggestive that in many instances of electrical trauma the local electrical field is of sufficient magnitude to cause electrical breakdown of cell membranes and cell lysis. In theory, large cells such as muscle and nerve cells are more vulnerable to electrical breakdown. To illustrate the significance of cell size and orientation, a geometrically simple model of an elongated cell is analyzed. 相似文献
109.
Salil K. Niyogi Thomas S. Soper Robert S. Foote Frank W. Larimer Richard J. Mural Sankar Mitra Eva H. Lee Richard Machanoff Fred C. Hartman 《Journal of biosciences》1987,11(1-4):203-214
Both Lys-166 and His-291 of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase fromRhodospirillum rubrum have been implicated as the active-site residue that initiates catalysis. To decide between these two candidates, we resorted
to site-directed mutagenesis to replace Lys-166 and His-291 with several amino acids. All 7 of the position-166 mutants tested
are severely deficient in carboxylase activity, whereas the alanine and serine mutants at position 291 are ∼40% and ∼18% as
active as the native carboxylase, essentially ruling out His-291 in theRhodospirillum rubrum carboxylase (and by inference His-298 in the spinach enzyme) as a catalytically essential residue. The ability of some of
the mutant proteins to undergo carbamate formation or to bind either ribulosebisphosphate or a transition-state analogue remains
largely unimpaired. This implies that Lys-166 is not required for substrate binding; rather, the results corroborate the earlier
postulate that Lys-166 functions as an acid-base group in catalysis or in stabilizing a transition state in the reaction pathway. 相似文献
110.
Demonstration of structural differences between the two subunits of human-plasma fibronectin in the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
H Pande J Calaycay T D Lee K Legesse J E Shively A Siri L Borsi L Zardi 《European journal of biochemistry》1987,162(2):403-411
Structural differences between the two subunits of human plasma fibronectin were studied by analyzing the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain (Hep-2). Two fragments (29 kDa and 38 kDa) derived from the Hep-2 domain were purified from thermolysin-digested human plasma fibronectin. Identical NH2-terminal sequences were obtained for both fragments through 16 Edman cycles. Neither domain contained the 90-amino-acid extra domain which is predicted by cDNA analysis of the cellular form of fibronectin. We have examined the primary structures of the 29-kDa and 38-kDa Hep-2 domains produced from the two chains of plasma fibronectin by analyzing the tryptic peptides by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry and comparison with the predicted fragments deduced from the corresponding cDNA-derived peptide sequences. Peptides that were unique to each domain were further characterized by microsequence analysis. The two domains showed identical amino acid sequences through 274 residues, followed by a region of variability. The 29-kDa domain contains 279 amino acids with an estimated relative molecular mass (Mr) of 30,460. This domain is located in the heavy chain of plasma fibronectin and contains three repeats of type III sequences plus a portion of the connecting segment (IIICS) region. The 38-kDa domain contains 359 amino acids and one O-linked glycosyl unit for an estimated Mr of 39,263. This domain is from the light chain of plasma fibronectin and contains four repeats of type III sequences with the deletion of the entire 120-amino-acid IIICS area. Secondary structure analysis by Chou/Fasman and circular dichroism reveals extensive beta-sheet structure for these domains. Key sulfhydryl and glycosylation sites are located near the mRNA splice junctions for the two chains. It is postulated that the splice junctions are adjacent to a flexible domain joining two regions of extensive beta-sheet structure. 相似文献