苏云金芽孢杆菌S1478-1分离株的特性鉴定及cry1Ac同源基因克隆

本研究对从海南岛尖峰岭热带雨林自然保护区的土壤样品中分离出的Bt菌株S1478-1进行了特性鉴定,研究表明S1478-1分离株菌落形态和生长特征和Bt参照菌株HD73极其相似.16S rDNA序列分析表明,S1478-1分离株与其它B.thuringiensis、B.cereus和B.anthracis的16S rDNA序列相似性达到99%.分离株能产菱形伴胞晶体,SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳分析表明,菌株在生长后期,形成芽孢同时分泌130 kD大小的晶体蛋白.生物测定表明S1478-1分离株对小菜蛾具有很高的毒杀活性,LC50卯值高达5.159 ×108cfu/mL.初步显示S1478-1分离株可作为防治鳞翅目害虫的生物农药菌株.利用PCR-RFLP方法鉴定S1478-1分离株含有cry1Ac同源基因,以PCR粘性端克隆方法扩增全长基因,序列测定表明该基因ORF为3 537bp,编码1178个氨基酸,推定的编码蛋白分子量为133.3 kD,与其它cry1Ac基因序列最高达到99%同源,因此,该基因可作为杀虫工程菌及培育转基因抗虫作物的候选基因.     

基于生态水文调节服务的石家庄雨涝灾害供需匹配分析与街区规划干预

在雨涝灾害威胁日益凸显的背景下,基于生态系统水文调节服务供需匹配分析的规划防涝优先干预区识别,为高效降低城市雨涝风险、利用规划措施防涝提供了新的研究思路与科学支撑。运用数据叠置、水文模拟及公式计算法,将城市原生雨涝供给能力与雨涝需求水平统一至同一评估体系中。结合降雨量、下垫面类型,运用径流曲线模型对街区地表径流调节率进行计算,生成供给能力评估结果;以GIS水文模拟结果计算得出的危险性、暴露性和脆弱性指数生成需求水平评估结果。根据石家庄中心四区3a一遇、50a一遇情景供需匹配结果,划定城市街区尺度的规划干预等级,并分类提出相应规划策略。研究结果表明:石家庄市中心四区低供给高需求街区在3a一遇降雨情景下以点状聚集分布;50a一遇降雨情景下,在京广铁路线沿线呈现纵向聚集形态。同时,在两种降雨情景下,规划干预高等级街区均集中出现于桥西区苑东街道、彭后街道、东华街道,长安区长丰街道、建北街道,裕华区裕翔街道、建华南街道。根据规划干预等级、供需相对关系及供需失衡原因,分别提出3a一遇、50a一遇降雨情景下的九类规划干预策略,为城市雨涝灾害的规划应对提供优化思路。     

The C-type lectin receptor Clec1A plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing antigen presenting ability of dendritic cells and inducing inflammatory cytokine IL-17

Clec1A, a member of C-type lectin receptor family, has a carbohydrate recognition domain in its extracellular region, but no known signaling motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Clec1a is highly expressed in endothelial cells and weakly in dendritic cells. Although this molecule was reported to play an important role in the host defense against Aspergillus fumigatus by recognizing 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin on the fungal surface, the roles of this molecule in un-infected animals remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that Clec1a^−/− mice develop milder symptoms upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. The maximum disease score was significantly lower, and demyelination and inflammation of the spinal cord were much milder in Clec1a^−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. No abnormality was detected in the immune cell composition in the draining lymph nodes and spleen on day 10 and 16 after EAE induction. Recall memory T cell proliferation after restimulation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG_35–55) in vitro was decreased in Clec1a^−/− mice, and antigen presenting ability of Clec1a^−/− dendritic cells was impaired. Interestingly, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses clearly showed that the expression of inflammatory cytokines including Il17a, Il6 and Il1b was greatly decreased in Clec1a^−/− mice after induction of EAE, suggesting that this reduced cytokine production is responsible for the amelioration of EAE in Clec1a^−/− mice. These observations suggest a novel function of Clec1A in the immune system.     

母乳微生物及其对婴幼儿健康影响的研究进展

母乳是新生儿最佳的营养来源,不仅提供丰富的营养物质,还能通过自身独特的微生物群影响新生儿肠道细菌的初始定植和机体健康。培养法和基因组测序法均揭示了母乳微生物的多样性和稳定性,除双歧杆菌和乳杆菌外,母乳中还含有多种潜在的益生菌。人乳低聚糖（human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs）是母乳中仅次于乳糖和脂类的第三丰富的营养物质。作为一种天然益生元,HMOs可以选择性地促进有益细菌的生长,从而在促进母乳喂养婴幼儿健康发育方面起着关键作用。本文总结了母乳中微生物的种类、来源、哺乳期间的变化及其与HMOs之间的关系,讨论了母乳微生物对婴幼儿健康的潜在影响,包括抑制病原体入侵肠道、促进免疫系统发育、调节婴幼儿代谢和改善早期认知发育等,以期为母乳源益生菌的开发提供理论指导。

     

ICG-based laser treatments for ophthalmic diseases: Toward their safe and rapid strategy

The eye is a very important organ, and keratitis, corneal neovascularization, floaters, age-related macular degeneration, and other vision problems have seriously affected people's quality of life. Among the ophthalmic treatments, laser photocoagulations have been proposed and have shown therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, corneal thinning and bleeding lesions induced by laser damage have led to limit its applications. To treat the issues of traditional hyperthermia treatments, photosensitizers [e.g., indocyanine green (ICG)] have been investigated to increase the therapeutic effects of corneal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization. In the recent study, with the help of ICG, laser-induced nanobubble was proposed to treat vitreous opacities. The developed strategies could enlarge the effect of laser irradiation and reduce the side effects, so as to expand the scope of laser treatments in clinical ophthalmic diseases.     

Excessive processing and acetylation of OPA1 aggravate age-related hearing loss via the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics

The pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) remains unclear. OPA1 is the sole fusion protein currently known to be situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is pivotal for maintaining normal mitochondrial function. While it has already been demonstrated that mutations in OPA1 may lead to hereditary deafness, its involvement in the occurrence and development of ARHL has not been previously explored. In our study, we constructed D-gal-induced senescent HEI-OC1 cells and the cochlea of C57BL/6J mice with a mutated SUMOylation site of SIRT3 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found enhanced L-OPA1 processing mediated by activated OMA1, and increased OPA1 acetylation resulting from reductions in SIRT3 levels in senescent HEI-OC1 cells. Consequently, the fusion function of OPA1 was inhibited, leading to mitochondrial fission and pyroptosis in hair cells, ultimately exacerbating the aging process of hair cells. Our results suggest that the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics in cochlear hair cells in aged mice can be ameliorated by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 signaling. This has the potential to alleviate the senescence of cochlear hair cells and reduce hearing loss in mice. Our study highlights the significant roles played by the quantities of long and short chains and the acetylation activity of OPA1 in the occurrence and development of ARHL. This finding offers new perspectives and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of ARHL.     

基于《脾胃论》从肠道菌群探讨肥胖症的论治

肥胖是一种严重威胁人体健康的病理状态,表现为机体能量代谢失调,脂肪含量增加过多。目前市场上的减肥药虽然治疗效果明显,但安全性尚不能确定,因此出现了不少不良反应。研究显示,调节肠道菌群能有效改善肥胖,其机制主要涉及减少促进能量吸收和抑制激活炎症反应等多个方面,肠道菌群在肥胖发生和发展的过程中扮演着重要角色。中医认为,脾胃功能失调是肥胖的根本原因,从脾治肥胖在临床上是有效的。脾主运化水谷,肠道菌群影响消化吸收,两者生理功能相近,因此从肠道菌群入手阐述中医从脾论治肥胖的机制,为治疗肥胖提供了新的思路。

     

Stabilization of IGF2BP1 by USP10 promotes breast cancer metastasis via CPT1A in an m6A-dependent manner

Metastasis leads to the vast majority of breast cancer mortality. Increasing evidence has shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and its associated regulators play a pivotal role in breast cancer metastasis. Here, we showed that overexpression of the m6A reader IGF2BP1 was clinically correlated with metastasis in breast cancer patients. Moreover, IGF2BP1 promoted distant metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we first identified USP10 as the IGF2BP1 deubiquitinase. USP10 can bind to, deubiquitinate, and stabilize IGF2BP1, resulting in its higher expression level in breast cancer. Furthermore, by MeRIP-seq and experimental verification, we found that IGF2BP1 directly recognized and bound to the m6A sites on CPT1A mRNA and enhanced its stability, which ultimately mediated IGF2BP1-induced breast cancer metastasis. In clinical samples, USP10 levels correlated with IGF2BP1 and CPT1A levels, and breast cancer patients with high levels of USP10, IGF2BP1, and CPT1A had the worst outcome. Therefore, these findings suggest that the USP10/IGF2BP1/CPT1A axis facilitates breast cancer metastasis, and this axis may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.     

Circular RNA circ‐RCCD promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse embryo development via recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births. Genetic and environmental factors are leading factors to CHD, but the mechanism of CHD pathogenesis remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are kinds of endogenous non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in heart diseases. In this study, three significant differently expressed circRNA between maternal embryonic day (E) E13 and E17 was found by microarray assay. Among them, the content of circ‐RCCD increases with the development of heart and was enriched in primary cardiomyocytes of different species, which arouses our attention. Functional experiments revealed that inhibition of circ‐RCCD dramatically suppressed the formation of beating cell clusters, the fluorescence intensity of cardiac differentiation marker MF20, and the expression of the myocardial‐specific markers CTnT, Mef2c, and GATA4. Next, we found that circ‐RCCD was involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation through negative regulation of MyD88 expression. Further experiments proved that circ‐RCCD inhibited MyD88 levels by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88; circ‐RCCD inhibited nuclear translocation of YY1. These results reported that circ‐RCCD promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88. And, this study provided a potential role and molecular mechanism of circ‐RCCD as a target for the treatment of CHD.