全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27599篇 |
免费 | 2284篇 |
国内免费 | 1305篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 268篇 |
2022年 | 614篇 |
2021年 | 1147篇 |
2020年 | 698篇 |
2019年 | 819篇 |
2018年 | 910篇 |
2017年 | 763篇 |
2016年 | 975篇 |
2015年 | 1481篇 |
2014年 | 1636篇 |
2013年 | 1910篇 |
2012年 | 2247篇 |
2011年 | 2049篇 |
2010年 | 1269篇 |
2009年 | 1163篇 |
2008年 | 1405篇 |
2007年 | 1195篇 |
2006年 | 1108篇 |
2005年 | 958篇 |
2004年 | 933篇 |
2003年 | 776篇 |
2002年 | 755篇 |
2001年 | 709篇 |
2000年 | 588篇 |
1999年 | 557篇 |
1998年 | 309篇 |
1997年 | 224篇 |
1996年 | 235篇 |
1995年 | 252篇 |
1994年 | 232篇 |
1993年 | 180篇 |
1992年 | 266篇 |
1991年 | 264篇 |
1990年 | 204篇 |
1989年 | 219篇 |
1988年 | 194篇 |
1987年 | 162篇 |
1986年 | 143篇 |
1985年 | 152篇 |
1984年 | 130篇 |
1983年 | 100篇 |
1982年 | 67篇 |
1981年 | 67篇 |
1980年 | 65篇 |
1979年 | 71篇 |
1978年 | 72篇 |
1977年 | 63篇 |
1975年 | 54篇 |
1974年 | 49篇 |
1973年 | 49篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
The survival, development and mycorrhizal efficiency of a selected strain of Laccaria bicolor along with naturally occurring ectomycorrhizal fungi in a young plantation of Douglas fir was examined. Symbionts were identified and their respective colonization abilities were determined. Eight species of symbiotic fungi, which may have originated in adjacent coniferous forests, were observed on the root systems. Mycorrhizal diversity differed between inoculated (5 taxa) and control (8 taxa) seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal fungi which occurred naturally in the nursery on control seedlings (Thelephora terrestris and Suillus sp.) did not survive after outplanting. Both inoculated and naturally occurring Laccaria species, as well as Cenococcum geophilum, survived on the old roots and colonized the newly formed roots, limiting the colonization by other naturally occurring fungi. Other fungi, such as Paxillus involutus, Scleroderma citrinum and Hebeloma sp. preferentially colonized the old roots near the seedling's collar. Russulaceae were found mainly in the middle section of the root system. Mycorrhizal colonization by Laccaria species on inoculated seedlings (54%) was significantly greater than on controls (13%) which were consequently dominated by the native fungi. Significant differences (up to 239%) were found in the growth of inoculated seedlings, especially in root and shoot weight, which developed mainly during the second year after outplanting. Seedling growth varied with the species of mycorrhizae and with the degree of root colonization. Competitiveness and effectiveness of the introduced strain on improving growth performances of seedlings are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Abscisic acid (ABA) uptake by Amaranthus tricolor cell suspensions was found to include both a nonsaturable component and a saturable part with Km of 3.74 ± 0.43 micromolar and an apparent Vmax of 1.5 ± 0.12 nanomoles per gram per minute. These kinetic parameters as well as the uptake by intact cells at 0°C or by frozen and thawed cells, are consistent with operation of a saturable carrier. This carrier-mediated ABA uptake was partially energized by ΔpH: it increased as the external pH was lowered to pH 4.0; it decreased after the lowering of the ΔpH by the proton ionophore carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone or after the altering of metabolically maintained pH gradient by metabolic inhibitors (KCN, oligomycin). The carrier is specific for ABA among the plant growth regulators tested, is unaffected by (RS)-trans-ABA and was inhibited by (S)-ABA, (R)-ABA, and also by the ABA analog LAB 173711. 相似文献
103.
The candidate gene for the X-linked Kallmann syndrome encodes a protein related to adhesion molecules 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
R Legouis J P Hardelin J Levilliers J M Claverie S Compain V Wunderle P Millasseau D Le Paslier D Cohen D Caterina 《Cell》1991,67(2):423-435
Kallmann syndrome associates hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia and is probably due to a defect in the embryonic migration of olfactory and GnRH-synthesizing neurons. The Kallmann gene had been localized to Xp22.3. In this study 67 kb of genomic DNA, corresponding to a deletion interval containing at least part of the Kallmann gene, were sequenced. Two candidate exons, identified by multiparameter computer programs, were found in a cDNA encoding a protein of 679 amino acids. This candidate gene (ADMLX) is interrupted in its 3' coding region in the Kallmann patient, in which the proximal end of the KAL deletion interval was previously defined. A 5' end deletion was detected in another Kallmann patient. The predicted protein sequence shows homologies with the fibronectin type III repeat. ADMLX thus encodes a putative adhesion molecule, consistent with the defect of embryonic neuronal migration. 相似文献
104.
105.
Mapping of the structural gene for S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase to mouse Chromosome 2, and related sequences to Chromosomes 8 and X 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alison Pilz Paul Le Tissier Heather Moseley Jo Peters Cathy Abbott 《Mammalian genome》1992,3(11):633-636
Comparative mapping studies in human and mouse have shown that, to date, human Chromosome (Chr) 20 is completely syntenic with distal mouse Chr 2. The structural locus for S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) in human, AHCY, maps to 20 qterq13.1, and we report here that the homologous locus in the mouse, Ahcy, maps to distal mouse Chr 2 with gene order Pcna-Ahcy-Ada. Analysis of 123 progeny of an interspecific backcross between a laboratory stock, AN, and Mus spretus using a rat cDNA probe revealed the presence of at least two other Ahcy-related sequences segregating independently in the mouse genome. One, Ahcy-rs1, was mapped to Chr 8 in the BXH recombinant inbred strains, and the other, Ahcy-rs2, shows a pattern of inheritance consistent with X-linkage. 相似文献
106.
J. Le Dérout David S. Thaler † Nancy Guillén‡ Luisa Hirschbein 《Molecular microbiology》1992,6(11):1495-1505
Bacillus subtilis can exist in a diploid state in which two genetically distinct chromosomes co-exist in the same cell and yet only one of them is expressed, thereby determining the phenotype. Such cells are called non-complementing diploids (Ncds). In this study, two types of experiments are reported which indicate that a previously known pleiotropic gene, spo0A, plays a role in the maintaining the diploid state, as follows. (i) When protoplasts of two Spo0A mutant strains were fused, the resulting products continued to segregate cells of both parental phenotypes for many more divisions than had been reported previously. (ii) When a stable Ncd (an Ncd in which the unexpressed markers are not spontaneously activated at a detectable level) harbouring a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene on the silent chromosome was transformed with spo0A null alleles the transformants often expressed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. Together these results indicate that the spo0A gene is involved in maintenance of the diploid state in both unstable and stable Ncds. 相似文献
107.
W. Zenker B. Rinne S. Bankoul M. Le Hir B. Kaissling 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1992,98(2):135-139
Summary The distribution of 5-nucleotidase (5-Nu) is reported in spinal meninges of the rat on the basis of an immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical investigation. Strong immunoreactivity was found in the arachnoid membrane and in the sheaths of the spinal roots as well as in septa subdividing the roots. Also the superficial layer of the ligamentum denticulatum showed enzyme staining. No immunoreactivity could be detected in the pia mater or along the spinal nerve roots outside the subarachnoid space. Within the arachnoid mater the immunoreactivity was concentrated in the basal zone of the arachnoid membrane, thus appearing as a narrow fluorescent band near the border of the dura. An accentuation of immunoreactivity could be observed in areas where small dural blood vessels approach the subarachnoid space. It is well known that adenine nucleotides released from neural and glial cells of the central nervous system finally reach the cerebrospinal fluid. We presume that 5-Nu in the arachnoid membrane and spinal root sheaths is responsible for the conversion of adenine nucleotides into adenosine and that this conversion is associated with the reabsorption process of cerebrospinal fluid which most probably also takes place in spinal meninges. Adenosine, the product of 5-nucleotidase, could play a role in the reabsorption process by its vasodilatatory effect on dural and epidural vessels. 相似文献
108.
R B Dickson M D Johnson M Bano E Shi J Kurebayashi B Ziff I Martinez-Lacaci L T Amundadottir M E Lippman 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》1992,43(1-3):69-78
While endocrine steroid hormones have been known for many years to regulate normal and malignant mammary epithelium, recent studies have led to an appreciation of polypeptide growth factors as locally-acting autocrine and paracrine effectors. In the current article we summarize what is known about growth factor regulation and action in the normal mammary gland and about perturbations of the steroid-growth factor interplay as cancer progresses. A major theme is that oncogenic activation modulates both regulation of production and function of growth factors in the mammary gland. 相似文献
109.
110.
H. Nquyen H.H. Le R.Y. Lee M. Staufenbiel J.M. Palacios G. Mengod H. Lübbert 《Neurochemistry international》1991,19(4):433-436
We have previously isolated serotonin 5-HT1C receptor cDNA clones. In contrast to most other receptors coupled to GTP binding proteins, the 5-HT1C receptor gene contains several introns in its coding region. A similar exon-intron distribution is found in the 5-HT2 receptor gene. The presence of large introns tempted us to test whether exchange of exons contributes to serotonin receptor heterogeneity. Therefore, blots with RNAs from different regions of the brain and brain slices were hybridized in situ with probes representing individual exons. We did not find any evidence for the exchange of exons which should result in an unequal distribution of hybridization signals found with the exon-specific probes. With the methodology used we should be able to see differential splicing in the form where individual exons are used alternatively resulting in mRNAs coding for different serotonin receptor types. We would not, however, see if a given exon can be modified by the alternative use of several splice-junctions. 相似文献