全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17023篇 |
免费 | 1453篇 |
国内免费 | 224篇 |
专业分类
18700篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 116篇 |
2022年 | 209篇 |
2021年 | 435篇 |
2020年 | 295篇 |
2019年 | 308篇 |
2018年 | 409篇 |
2017年 | 301篇 |
2016年 | 498篇 |
2015年 | 819篇 |
2014年 | 830篇 |
2013年 | 1027篇 |
2012年 | 1271篇 |
2011年 | 1123篇 |
2010年 | 714篇 |
2009年 | 699篇 |
2008年 | 898篇 |
2007年 | 802篇 |
2006年 | 740篇 |
2005年 | 682篇 |
2004年 | 716篇 |
2003年 | 638篇 |
2002年 | 599篇 |
2001年 | 456篇 |
2000年 | 381篇 |
1999年 | 348篇 |
1998年 | 204篇 |
1997年 | 144篇 |
1996年 | 147篇 |
1995年 | 168篇 |
1994年 | 125篇 |
1993年 | 115篇 |
1992年 | 196篇 |
1991年 | 223篇 |
1990年 | 151篇 |
1989年 | 174篇 |
1988年 | 152篇 |
1987年 | 143篇 |
1986年 | 119篇 |
1985年 | 137篇 |
1984年 | 116篇 |
1983年 | 89篇 |
1982年 | 67篇 |
1981年 | 73篇 |
1980年 | 64篇 |
1979年 | 72篇 |
1978年 | 76篇 |
1977年 | 64篇 |
1975年 | 54篇 |
1974年 | 51篇 |
1973年 | 51篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Charles M. Carpenter Izabella O. Konya Ronald A. Le Clair 《The Western journal of medicine》1966,105(3):167-170
A new macroscopic screening test for syphilis, the Latex-sts test, is extraordinarily simple. After inactivation of the patient''s serum for 30 minutes at 56°C the test is performed by mixing the patient''s serum with latex particles coated with cardiolipin and a protein fraction obtained from the non-pathogenic Reiter strain of Treponema pallidum. Two to three minutes after mixing, the result of the test is observed on a ringed serologic plate. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the new test are equivalent to those of the qualitative Venereal Disease Research Laboratory tube test. The advantages of the Latex-sts are that it can be done in a short time, it is simple and it requires a minimum of laboratory equipment. The coated latex particles are stable for 12 months. 相似文献
42.
F Reyl-Desmars S Le Roux C Linard F Benkouka M J Lewin 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1989,308(9):251-254
This communication reports the isolation and the purification of the gastric somatostatin receptor from the human cell line HGT-1. The receptor has been extracted from the cell membrane by Triton X 100, and a monoclonal antibody to this was prepared. A series of affinity chromatographies (Sepharose-antibody and Sepharose-somatostatin-14) and a final purification by steric exclusion on high performance liquid chromatography columns (HPLC) allowed us to obtain a fraction enriched 20,000 fold in 125I-Tyrll-somatostatin-14 specific binding (apparent dissociation constant: 7.6 x 10(-8) M). This fraction corresponded to a molecular mass of about 90 kDa (in presence of detergent) and to a maximal binding capacity of more than 10,000 pmol/protein. It therefore has a theoretical homogeneity close to 100%. 相似文献
43.
44.
Differential priming for endotoxin-induced circulating cytokine production by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1 beta 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In unprimed mice, a single injection of a non-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced a rise in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL 6) activities. Peak serum concentrations were attained, respectively, 1.5 hr and 2.5 hr after the challenge. Pretreatment with recombinant human TNF-alpha (rHuTNF) had a priming effect for enhanced production of both serum cytokines without any change in kinetics. The enhancement was more pronounced in the TNF (15-fold) than in the IL 6 (4-fold) response. Recombinant murine TNF caused a comparable increase in LPS-induced cytokine release. In contrast, comparable pretreatment with another macrophage-derived cytokine, recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (HuIL1-beta), revealed a negative effect on LPS-induced TNF release whereas IL 6 in the blood reached levels similar to those found after priming with rTNF. Moreover, when administered in combination with rHuTNF, rHuIL1-beta inhibited the priming effect on TNF autocrine production. 相似文献
45.
Sensory receptors of the ovipositor ofTrichogramma maidis are described. Sense organs are found on the 2nd valvifers (1 type), on the tip of the 3rd valvulae (2 types) and on the 1st valvulae (4 types). The nature and possible functions of these sensilla are discussed.
相似文献
46.
The mortars covering some walls of the Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cadiz, Spain) support an abundant colonization of cyanobacteria, algae and lichens. The distribution of these organisms is closely related to microclimatic parameters. Furthermore, the development, specific composition and biomass of algal cryptoendolithic communities are related to the wall orientation. The effect of these communities on mortar deterioration is discussed. 相似文献
47.
48.
M. C. Léglise P. Darodes de Tailly J. L. Vignot M. A. Le Bot A.-M. Le Roux C. Riché 《Cell biology and toxicology》1996,12(1):39-53
A cellular model of hematopoiesis which would be more convenient than bone marrow (BM) progenitors and directly relevant to human pathology is needed in order to investigate xenobiotic toxicity. Human umbilical cord blood (HCB), previously shown to be able to repopulate BM, provides a powerful in vitro model of normal human hematopoiesis. In order to validate the use of normal HCB progenitors as targets for dose-related myelosuppression, we used clonogenic assays and expansion in a liquid culture of progenitor-enriched cell suspensions from HCB. A series of 8 reference molecules, doxorubicin, cytosine-arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine, acetylsalicyclic acid, sodium valproate and two cephalosporin antibiotics, were tested. In vitro 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) were compared to those observed or reported with BM progenitors, and to the values of plasma concentrations from treated patients. HCB progenitors as in vitro targets for cytotoxic molecules were easy to access and handle, and their use was sensitive, specific and reproducible. They gave results similar to BM progenitors and allowed a qualitative approach to cellular metabolism and toxicity using morphological, flow cytometric and chromatographic methods.Abbreviations ARA-CC
cytosine arabinoside
- AS
acetylsalicylic acid
- AZTT
3-azido-3-deoxythymidine
- BFUU
burst-forming units
- BM
bone marrow
- CFU
colony-forming units
- DOXX
doxorubicin
- FU
5-fluorouracil
- glyAA
glyAcophorin A
- HCB
human umbilical cord blood
- IU
international units
- PCMEM
human placenta-conditioned medium
- VA
sodium valproate 相似文献
49.
Abstract In young spermatids of Culex tigripes, microtubules organize a manchette which surrounds the nucleus. When the nucleus elongates, 1–5 expansions appear on the wall of the microtubules. They grow and branch out while the nucleus elongates and chromatin condenses. Expansions are straight or curved in shape. They have the same thickness as the microtubule walls, but they rarely constitute links between microtubules. The manchette disappears naturally at the end of spermiogenesis. The action of colchicine on spermatids leads to the complete disappearance of the microtubules and expansions, and inhibits the lengthening of the nucleus. 相似文献
50.
S. CARRÉ J. N. TASEI J. Le GUEN J. MESQUIDA G. MORIN 《The Annals of applied biology》1993,122(3):555-568
A simplified and non-destructive method using starch gel electrophoresis has been developed on seeds to identify inbred lines of Vicia faba and assess outcrossing rates and gene dispersal in pollination experiments. Six enzyme systems (Alcohol dehydrogenase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and Shikimate dehydrogenase) were analysed from parental lines, crosses performed between lines bearing dissimilar isozyme patterns in pollination cages with Bombus and F2 progenies obtained from manual selfing of F1 hybrids. The allozymes at each of the seven studied loci segregated in the expected Mendelian fashion and behaved in a co-dominant manner except for the Adh-2 locus where the only variant was a null allele. No evidence of genetic linkage was observed between at least 13 of the 15 pairs of the studied loci. Percentage of cross fertilisation by Bombus between seven pairs of inbred lines ranged between 1.7% and 28.3%. Pollen transfer between a donor line and a recipient line by two species of Bombus did not lead to differences in outcrossing rates (both about 8%). The new PGD marker with two loci at three alleles each is particularly discriminating and valuable in pollination studies and breeding of V. faba. 相似文献