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51.
Harnoor Dhaliwal Martin Browne William Flanagan Lise Laurin Melissa Hamilton 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2014,19(12):1965-1973
Purpose
This paper compares environmental impacts of two packaging options for contrast media offered by GE Healthcare: +PLUSPAK? polymer bottle and traditional glass bottle. The study includes all relevant life cycle stages from manufacturing to use and final disposal of the bottles and includes evaluation of a variety of end-of-life disposal scenarios. The study was performed in accordance with the international standards ISO 14040/14044, and a third-party critical review was conducted.Methods
The functional unit is defined as the packaging of contrast media required to deliver one dose of 96 mL to a patient for an X-ray procedure. Primary data are from GE Healthcare and its suppliers; secondary data are from the ecoinvent database and the literature. A variety of end-of-life disposal scenarios are explored using both cutoff and market-based allocation. Impact assessment includes human health (midpoint) and ecosystems and resources (end point) categories from ReCiPe (H) and cumulative energy demand. Sensitivity analyses include (1) bottle size, (2) secondary packaging, (3) manufacturing electricity, (4) glass recycled content, (5) scrap rate, (6) distribution transport, (7) contrast media, and (8) choice of impact assessment method. Uncertainty analysis is performed to determine how data quality affects the study conclusions.Results and discussion
This study indicates that the polymer bottle outperforms the glass bottle in every environmental impact category considered. Bottle components are the most significant contributors, and the vial body has the highest impacts among bottle components for both polymer and glass bottles. The polymer bottle exhibits lower impact in all impact categories considered regardless of the following: end-of-life treatment (using either cutoff or market-based allocation), bottle size, manufacturing electricity grid mix, glass recycled content, scrap rate, contrast media, distribution transport (air vs. ocean), and choice of impact assessment method. Secondary packaging can be a major contributor to impact. The polymer bottle has considerably lower impact compared to the glass bottle for all multi-pack configurations, but the comparison is less clear for single-pack configurations due to significantly higher packaging material used per functional dose, resulting in proportionally higher impacts in all impact categories.Conclusions
The lower impacts of the polymer bottle for this packaging application can be attributed to lower material and manufacturing impacts, lower distribution impacts, and lower end-of-life disposal impacts. The results of this study suggest that using polymer rather than glass bottles provides a means by which to lower environmental impact of contrast media packaging. 相似文献52.
53.
Development of a novel affinity chromatography resin for platform purification of lambda fabs
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Nora Eifler Giovanni Medaglia Oliver Anderka Linus Laurin Pim Hermans 《Biotechnology progress》2014,30(6):1311-1318
Antigen‐binding fragments (Fabs) are novel formats in the growing pipeline of biotherapeutics. Sharing similar features to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with regard to expression, Fabs are considered as unchallenging for upstream development. Yet for downstream processing, the mature mAb downstream purification platform is not directly applicable. New approaches need to be found to achieve a lean purification process that maintains quality, productivity, and timelines while being generically applicable independent of the expression system. In a successful collaboration, BAC BV, GE Healthcare, and Novartis Pharma AG have developed a new affinity chromatography medium (resin) suitable to support cGMP manufacturing of lambda Fabs. We show that using this novel chromatography medium for the capture step, a purification platform for lambda Fabs can be established. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1311–1318, 2014 相似文献
54.
Meunier F.J. and Laurin M. 2012. A microanatomical and histological study of the fin long bones of the Devonian sarcopterygian Eusthenopteron foordi. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93 : 88–97. A paleohistological study of the endoskeletal bones of the dorsal and pelvic fins shows that Eusthenopteron foordi had true long bones that grew in length and thickness through endochondral and periosteal ossification, respectively. Endochondral ossification required cartilaginous epiphyses with a growth plate system whose presence is confirmed by both calcified cartilage and thin endochondral bony trabeculae that overlaid the erosive bays located in hypertrophic calcified cartilage. Articulations between axial mesomeres in paired fins were diarthroses. This microanatomical organization, i.e. longitudinal growth of diaphysis and articulations between epiphyses, can be considered an exaptation for terrestrial locomotion as it can produce skeletal elements able to support strong mechanical stress. 相似文献
55.
M Laurin R Soler-Gijón 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》2001,324(5):495-501
The previous fossil record of limbed vertebrates of the Iberian peninsula started in the Triassic (245 Ma). The discovery of a new temnospondyl from the Late Carboniferous (Stephanian C, 290 Ma) extends the fossil record of stegocephalians in this region by at least 45 Ma. Early stegocephalians are usually thought to have been unable to live in salt water, but the new temnospondyl described below appears to have lived in a coastal region, presumably in salt water. 相似文献
56.
The prevailing hypothesis about grasping in primates stipulates an evolution from power towards precision grips in hominids. The evolution of grasping is far more complex, as shown by analysis of new morphometric and behavioural data. The latter concern the modes of food grasping in 11 species (one platyrrhine, nine catarrhines and humans). We show that precision grip and thumb-lateral behaviours are linked to carpus and thumb length, whereas power grasping is linked to second and third digit length. No phylogenetic signal was found in the behavioural characters when using squared-change parsimony and phylogenetic eigenvector regression, but such a signal was found in morphometric characters. Our findings shed new light on previously proposed models of the evolution of grasping. Inference models suggest that Australopithecus, Oreopithecus and Proconsul used a precision grip. 相似文献
57.
The marine methanol-fed fluidized denitrification system operated by the Montreal Biodome includes carriers on which a denitrifying
biofilm has developed. Previous observations showed a high abundance of microeukaryotes living in and around the biofilm.
These eukaryotes may influence the system’s denitrification efficiency. The composition of the microeukaryote population was
determined. Microscopic observations showed at least 20 different morphologies that included large numbers of ciliates. Molecular
analyses of an 18S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene library revealed 31 different phylotypes. Alveolobiontes were the most abundant
phylotypes and made up 75% of the 159 screened clones. Other eukaryotic groups, including Stramenopiles, Fungi, Amoebozoa,
and nematodes, were also present. From 18S rDNA specific sequences, one of the Amoebozoa-affiliated phylotypes was visualized
by fluorescence in situ hybridization. It had a rod-like irregular shape and measured less than 5 μm in length. We determined
the impact of protozoans on the denitrifying activity. In a laboratory-scale batch culture assays, the denitrifying biofilm
was treated with cycloheximide and nystatin that eliminated the protozoans. No difference in the denitrification rate was
found. However, planktonic bacteria were more abundant in the treated culture medium. 相似文献
58.
Aurore Canoville Vivian de Buffrénil Michel Laurin 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2016,118(4):706-733
Bone microanatomical diversity in extant and extinct tetrapods has been studied extensively, using increasingly sophisticated quantitative methods to assess its ecological, biomechanical and phylogenetic significance. Most studies have been conducted on the appendicular skeleton, and a strong relationship was found between limb bone microanatomy and habitat preferences. Few comparative studies have focused on the microanatomy of the axial skeleton and its ecological signal. In the present study, we propose the first exploratory study of the microanatomical diversity of amniote ribs. Our comparative sample comprises 155 species of extant amniotes and encompasses the taxonomic, ecological, and body size diversity of this group. We standardized our sampling location to the midshaft of mid‐dorsal ribs. Transverse sections were obtained from classical petrographic methods, as well as by X‐ray microtomography. Most of the microanatomical and size characters of the ribs display a phylogenetic signal, which is an expected result and is also observed in amniote limb bones and vertebrae. We found a significant relationship between rib cortical thickness, global compactness, and lifestyle. As for the vertebrae, the development of the spongiosa in the medullary region appears to be strongly correlated with size. Even though an ecological signal was found in the inner structure of the ribs, additional work is needed to document the intra‐individual variability of the rib microanatomy along the rib cage and within a single element. 相似文献
59.
Bernard Laurin 《Geobios》1981,14(2):253-259
New features are detected on the marginal edges of the valves of rhynchonelloid brachiopods belonging to the“Rhynchonella” phaseolina DESL. and Parvirhynchia minuta (BUV.) group. They are described as hinge pouchs and commissural grooves on the shell of “R.” cf. phaseolina, a new found member of the group from the lower Bathonian of Nièvre (France). Fonctionnal, ontogenetic and taxinomic implications must be considered. 相似文献
60.
Arthrodesis of metatarsophalangeal joint was performed in 31 cases of severe hallux valgus. With the surgical technique used, which is described in detail, internal fixation and plaster cast immobilization were not necessary. Analysis of the results suggested that the operation is indicated for severe deformities in elderly patients, preferably women. The basic metatarsal deformity was corrected by the procedure. 相似文献