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971.
A. Laurence Santerre I. Queinnec P. J. Blanc 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1995,13(5):245-250
According to the measurement of the pigment production and some material balance treatments, the monosodium glutamate (MSG), which represents a main substrate involved in the production of red pigment by Monascus ruber, is recovered on-line. Fedbatch operation then represents an alternative for increasing the production of pigment. A nonlinear quotient control scheme is expressed to regulate the monosodium glutamate substrate at an optimal value determined from batch studies.List of Symbols
A
absorbancy units (AU)
-
L
lightness parameter
-
Pig
red pigment quantity (Gmol)
-
vol
fermentor active volume (1)
-
empirical coefficient
-
MW
pig
red pigment molecular weight (g)
-
E
elementary matrix
-
E
#
pseudo-inverse elementary matrix
-
r
conversion rates vector (g· l–1·h–1)
-
E
m
measured part of the elementary matrix
-
r
m
measured conversion rates vector
-
E
c
non-measured part of the elementary matrix
-
r
c
non-measured conversion rates vector
-
v
fictitious controller input
-
h
fictitious controller output
-
u
controller input
-
y
controller output
-
y
controller setpoint
-
k
1
controller parameter
-
k
2
controller parameter
-
k
time iteration
-
MSG
monosodium glutamate concentration (g·l–1)
-
MSG
init
monosodium glutamate initial quantity (g)
-
MSG
added
total quantity of monosodium glutamate added (g)
-
MSG
cons
total quantity of monosodium glutamate consumed (g)
-
MW
msg
monosodium glutamate molecular weight (g) 相似文献
972.
Jason Shiotsugu Armand M. Leroi Hideko Yashiro Michael R. Rose Laurence D. Mueller 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1997,51(1):163-172
The relationship between the processes of density-dependent and age-specific selection has been investigated by examining a common phenotype, urea resistance, which has apparently evolved in response to each of these selection mechanisms. Twenty populations that have experienced differing levels of age-specific selection show differences in egg-to-adult viability in environments with high levels of urea. Among this group of populations, it appears that resistance to urea is correlated with longevity, but not development time. Ten populations kept at extreme larval densities for many generations also show responses to urea: those kept at high larval densities appear to be most resistant to urea. However, these populations show no differences in adult longevity. An additional five populations were selected directly for urea resistance by adding this compound to the larval food environment. Again, there was a strong response to this artificial selection, with urea resistance increasing dramatically, but these populations showed no response in adult longevity or resistance to crowding when compared to five control populations. There is clearly no simple relationship between longevity and larval urea resistance. It may be that age-specific and density-dependent selection induce similar changes in this phenotype, but do so through different genetic and physiological pathways. We suggest that these data are not consistent with the view of constant and symmetric genetic variance-covariance matrices. These data support a more prominent role for observations of evolutionary trajectories rather than static measurements of genetic components of variance. 相似文献
973.
PCR-identification of a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cDNA homologous to the high-affinity nitrate transporters of the crnA family 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
974.
Chopineau Joël Robert Stéphane Fenart Laurence Cecchelli Roméo Lagoutte Bernard Paitier Stéphanie Dehouck Marie-Pierre Domurado Dominique 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》1997,4(4-6):313-321
Summary Acylated proteins play a crucial role in cell physiology because of their increased interaction with membranes. Their isolation
is difficult as a consequence of their low cellular concentration and their chemical preparation is problematic due to solubility
problems. Through the use of reversed micelles, we produced tens of milligrams of acylated ribonucleases A, chosen as a model,
purified them by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized them by analytical HPLC,
capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, peptide mapping, Edman degradation and enzyme activity. We next scrutinized
the interaction with an in vitro blood-brain barrier model and demonstrated that palmitoylated and stearoylated ribonucleases
A are transported from one compartment to the other across the cellular monolayer, in contrast to the native enzyme. 相似文献
975.
Samira Benyoucef Didier Hober Lu Shen Faïza Ajana Yann Grard Laurence Bocket-Mouton Yves Mouton Pierre Wattr 《Microbiology and immunology》1996,40(5):381-388
Correlations between the in vitro biological properties of HIV strains isolated from patients and the prognosis of their disease have been reported. We developed a technique to study the phenotype of HIV strains isolated from patients. We used the P4 cell line, derived from HeLa cells, which has been transfected with receptor CD4 gene. HIV laboratory strain (HIVLAI) and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from donors infected with HIVLAI induce syncytium in P4 cell cultures in vitro. The presence of reporter gene (LacZ gene) under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in these cells allows colorimetric visualization of syncytia in the cytoplasm using a β-galactosidase (βgal) assay in the presence of X-gal. We cocultivated 1 × 106 patient PBLs with 2 × 106 normal PHA-activated normal PBLs for 4 days in the presence of IL-2 in 24-well plates. Half of the medium was replaced twice a week and PHA-activated normal PBLs were added every 7 days. HIV-1 was isolated from cocultured PBLs of 18 patients with advanced-stage HIV infection as assessed by the production of HIV p24 detected with a commercially available HIV-1 p24 ELISA. Supernatant and 105 cells were collected twice a week from cocultured PBLs and were added to P4 cells in 96-well microtiter plates. The cultures were observed every day for 3 days and then the βgal assay was performed. We did not observe any effect with cells and supernatant from 8 patients, harvested from cultures incubated for as long as 28 days. The phenotype of these isolates was called NC (noncytopathic). In cells from 2 patients, we obtained blue multinucleated giant cells; the phenotype of these strains was called SI (syncytium inducing). In cultures from 8 other patients, we obtained the death of P4 cells without syncytium formation, and the phenotype of these strains was called CI (cell-killing inducing). In every case, the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 isolates could be detected with cocultured PBLs collected as early as day 4 of culture. Cocultured PBLs from 13 healthy controls did not alter the P4 cells. We displayed the replication of CI strains of HIV-1, but not the one of NC strains in P4 cell line. Our micromethod allowed the detection of cytopathic effects of HIV isolates. Further investigations should define the clinical applications of this method. 相似文献
976.
Isozyme patterns of carrot (Daucus carota L.) zygotic embryos between the torpedo stage up to 5-day-old seedlings have been compared with those of the similar stages from the embryogenic cell suspension culture to the late somatic plantlet. Somatic embryos blocked at the torpedo stage by -cyclodextrine have also been analyzed. All these stages have been analyzed with respect to seven different enzyme systems: arylesterase, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1, PGM). The relationships between the different stages of both types of embryogenesis have been visualized using an unrooted tree. Generally, profiles of somatic embryos were different from those of zygotic embryos. Interestingly however, a typical zygotic embryo pattern was found in the cyclodextrine-blocked somatic embryos. Only aspartate aminotransferase patterns revealed a similarity between zygotic and somatic torpedo embryos. Both plantlet types showed close patterns with common isozymes. Moreover, similarities were evident between somatic plantlets and cell suspensions. A few isozymes appeared to be stage specific markers: esterase 10–11 were specific to achenes and early germination, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 8 was specific to 4–5 day-old seedlings and phosphoglucomutase 1 and 7 and alcohol dehydrogenase 4 were markers for zygotic embryos. No somatic embryogenesis specific isozyme could be found. We show that patterns can be associated with particular tissue formation: mainly, aspartate aminotransferase 2 and 1, phosphoglucomutase 8 and 9 and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 7 coincided with apical meristem initiation and phosphoglucomutase 4 and 5, zones b and d of esterase and zone b of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase coincided with vascular bundle formation.Abbreviations ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- CD
-cyclodextrine
- CS
cell suspension culture
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraaeetie acid
- LiBo
lithium hydroxide/boric acid
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- PVP
polyvinylpyrrolidone
- SEg
somatic embryo at the globular stage
- SEh
heart stage
- SEte
early torpedo stage
- SEtl
late torpedo stage
- SEce
early cotyledonary stage
- SEcl
late cotyledonary stage
- SECD
somatic embryo blocked at the torpedo stage with -cyclodextrine
- EST
esterase
- GOT
aspartate aminotransferase
- IDH
isocitrate dehydrogenase
- MTT
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide)
- PMS
phenazonium methosulfate
- PGD
phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- PGI
glucosephosphate isomerase
- PGM
phosphoglucomutase
- SO
dry seed
- S1–3
seed after 1–3 days of germination
- SP1–2
young and old somatic plantlets
- ZE
zygotic embryo
- ZP4–5
4–5 day-old seedlings 相似文献
977.
Lorraine Racine-Samson Jean-Yves Scoazec Alain Moreau Laurence Christa Dominique Bernuau Gérard Feldmann 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1996,105(4):319-329
The coexpression of normally periportal and perivenous markers has been described in heterotopically transplanted hepatocytes. To determine whether such a coexpression might also occur in hepatocytes retaining their original intrahepatic location, we compared in bileduct-ligated livers and intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes, the expression and distribution of the predominantly periportal glucose-6-phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, the predominantly perivenous glutamate dehydrogenase, NADPH-dehydrogenase, and -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the strictly perivenous glutamine synthetase. The coexpression of high levels of the two periportal markers glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and of the perivenous marker NADPH dehydrogenase was observed in two situations: in clusters of hepatocytes isolated within the ductular proliferation in bile-duct-ligated livers and the majority of intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes. The expression of glutamine synthetase was different according to the site. The protein was observed in certain intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes bordering the splenic vessels but was never detected in hepatocyte clusters found in bile-duct-ligated livers. Our study therefore suggests that the coexpression of periportal and perivenous markers in the same hepatocytes is likely to be a non-specific consequence of the loss of the normal connections of hepatocytes with the normal liver microcirculation. 相似文献
978.
979.
Laurence Blanchard C. Neil Hunter Michael P. Williamson 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1997,9(4):389-395
Calculations suggest that some carbon chemical shifts in proteinsshould have large ring current shifts (>1 ppm). We present13C, 15N and 1H assignments forcytochrome c2 from Rhodospirillum rubrum, compare these withshifts for other cytochromes c, and show that the calculated ring currentshifts are similar to experimentally observed shifts, but that there remainsubstantial conformation-dependent shifts of side-chain carbons. Ringcurrent shifts as large as 6 ppm are observed. We show that the ring currenteffects do not seriously affect the Chemical Shift Index method fordelineating secondary structure, but may have an impact on more precisemethods for generating structural constraints. 相似文献
980.
An illustrated identification system is presented to 99 species and 49 genera in three families recorded from the Hawaiian Islands in the Thysanoptera suborder Terebrantia. Only seven (possibly eight) of these species are considered endemic, the remainder being adventive to these islands. The only previous study of Hawaiian Thysanoptera, by Zimmerman in 1948, included 47 Terebrantia species in 21 genera. 相似文献