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91.
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Larry WeaverJan StagstedOlav Behnke Brian W. MatthewsLennart Olsson 《Journal of structural biology》1996,117(3):165-172
Certain peptides with sequences related to part of the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen enhance the action of insulin. These peptides also aggregate into fibrous structures that seem to be related to their biological activity. In the current study, the 17-residue peptide with amino acid sequence Gly-Asn-Glu-Gln-Ser-Phe-Arg-Val-Asp-Leu-Arg-Thr-Leu-Leu-Arg-Tyr-Ala is used as a representative example of these bioactive molecules. As seen by electron microscopy, the peptide associates into gently twisted ribbons, 50 Å thick, in which the amount of twist decreases as the ribbons become wider. X-ray diffraction analysis suggests that the peptides are arranged as in an antiparallel β-sheet extending essentially endlessly along the fiber axis. The amino acid sequence of the peptide is such that one side of the β-sheet is predominantly polar while the opposite side is nonpolar. This allows the β-sheets to form multilayers with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic interfaces. The length of the extended peptide (≈54 Å) determines the thickness of the ribbon and the tendency of individual β-sheets to twist accounts for the twisting of the ribbons. An alternative model is also discussed, again based on antiparallel β-sheets, but with adjacent sheets interdigitated in a “side-by-side” fashion rather than forming stacked layers. Comparable inactive peptides such as Gly-Asn-Glu-Gln-Ser- A_l_a_-Arg-Val-Asp-Leu-Arg-Thr-Leu-Leu-Arg-Tyr-T_y_r_ (changed amino acids underlined) do not form ordered filamentous structures. 相似文献
95.
A dextranase (EC 3.2.1.11) was purified and characterized from the IP-29 strain of Sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic pathogenic fungus. Growing cells secreted the enzyme into a standard culture medium (20 °C) that supports the
mycelial phase. Soluble bacterial dextrans substituted for glucose as substrate with a small decrease in cellular yield but
a tenfold increase in the production of dextranase. This enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 79 kDa, a
pH optimum of 5.0, and an action pattern against a soluble 170-kDa bacterial dextran that leads to a final mixture of glucose
(38%), isomaltose (38%), and branched oligosaccharides (24%). In the presence of 200 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0), the
K
m for soluble dextran was 0.067 ± 0.003% (w/v). Salts of Hg2+, (UO2)2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ inhibited by affecting both V
max and K
m. The enzyme was most stable between pH values of 4.50 and 4.75, where the half-life at 55 °C was 18 min and the energy of
activation for heat denaturation was 99 kcal/mol. S. schenckii dextranase catalyzed the degradation of cross-linked dextran chains in Sephadex G-50 to G-200, and the latter was a good
substrate for cell growth at 20 °C. Highly cross-linked grades (i.e., G-10 and G-25) were refractory to hydrolysis. Most strains
of S. schenckii from Europe and North America tested positive for dextranase when grown at 20 °C. All of these isolates grew on glucose at
35 °C, a condition that is typically associated with the yeast phase, but they did not express dextranase and were incapable
of using dextran as a carbon source at the higher temperature.
Received: 29 December 1997 / Accepted: 4 March 1998 相似文献
96.
97.
Grant St. Julian Rodney J. Bothast Larry H. Krull 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1990,5(6):391-394
Summary By succesive recycling of the thin stillage in mashing and fermenting fresh corn, the glycerol content in each fermentation increased by about 0.4% and accumulated to a high of 2.1% in the beer of the fifth recycle. Glycerol concentration declined after the fifth recycle. The original fermentation contained 0.8% glycerol.Presented in part at the Society for Industrial Microbiology Annual Meeting, August 7–12, 1988, Chicago, IL.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. 相似文献
98.
A nematode collected from Diaprepes abbreviatus is identified and described as a new species, Steinernema diaprepesi n. sp. The new species is closely related to S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and S. oregonense and can be distinguished from these species by the following characteristics: Males: Spicule averaging 79 (71-90) µm and spicule shape; D% (distance from anterior end to excretory pore/ esophagus length × 100) about 80; the ratio SW (spicule length/anal body width) about 1.8. Females: Vulva with short, double- flapped epiptygma; tail terminus usually with 5 papillae-like structures. Infective juveniles: Body averaging 1,002 (880-1,133) µm, EP (distance from anterior end to excretory pore) = 74 (66-83) µm; tail length = 83 (65-91) µm, and E% (EP/tail length × 100) = 89.6 (78-114). Lateral field pattern variable, the formula for the arrangement of ridges from head to tail is: 2, 6, 7, 8, 4, 2. The portion with eight ridges is the longest. This new species can be differentiated further from three closest species (S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and S. oregonense) by characteristic sequences of their ITS regions, including sequence lengths, ratios of similarity, composition, and differences in base characters in sequence alignment. 相似文献
99.
Michael J. Sofia William T. Jackson Davis L. SaussyJr. Steven A. Silbaugh Larry L. Froelich Sandra L. Cockerham Peter W. Stengel 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》1992,2(12)
A series of
-alkoxyphenols containing a tetrazole acid sidechain have been prepared as antagonists of leukotriene B4 receptors. These compounds were tested as receptor antagonists of human neutrophil and guinea pig lung membrane leukotriene B4 receptors. Compounds in this series were found to be up to 18-fold more potent than LY255283. These results indicate that the acyl group of the 1,2,4,5 substituted hydroxyacetophenone class of LTB4 antagonists is not critical to antagonist potency. 相似文献
100.
Marshall C Elias C Xue XH Le HD Omelchenko A Hryshko LV Tibbits GF 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2002,283(2):C512-C520
The cardiacNa+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in troutexhibits profoundly lower temperature sensitivity in comparison to themammalian NCX. In this study, we attempt to characterize the regions of the NCX molecule that are responsible for its temperature sensitivity. Chimeric NCX molecules were constructed using wild-type trout andcanine NCX cDNA and expressed in Xenopus oocytes.NCX-mediated currents were measured at 7, 14, and 30°C using thegiant excised-patch technique. By using this approach, the differentialtemperature dependence of NCX was found to reside within theNH2-terminal region of the molecule. Specifically, we foundthat ~75% of the Na+/Ca2+ exchangedifferential energy of activation is attributable to sequencedifferences in the region that include the first four transmembranesegments, and the remainder is attributable to transmembrane segmentfive and the exchanger inhibitory peptide site. 相似文献