异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为

本试验采用Nakamuta(1982)装置研究两种光照条件下异色瓢虫幼虫的食物搜索行为,结果表明：(1)摄食刺激均能激发搜索行为由广域型转换为地域集中型;(2)摄食时间越长,地域集中型搜索时间(GUT)值越大;(3)摄食的最后一个食饵大小决定GUT的长短;(4)光照对搜索行为有影响;(5)饥饿度对GUT的长短有一定影响。     

两种鲤科经济鱼类水声目标强度的实验测定与应用评估

鱼类目标强度(Target Strength,TS)及其与鱼体长度的关系是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。本文以我国广泛分布的鲤科经济鱼类鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)为研究对象,选择湖北省宜昌市隔河岩水库的一处僻静库湾作为实验地点,于2017年5月1—20日采用绳系实验法和Simrad EY60型(频率120 kHz)分裂波束回声探测仪,在环境干扰小的实验网箱里逐一测量单体实验鱼游动状态下的目标强度,由此构建2种鱼的目标强度与个体大小关系式。用于实验的鲤和鳙均为26尾,其全长分别为19.9—29.6 cm和49.2—74.2 cm,体重分别为175—461 g和1200—4700 g,实验所测TS值分别为–59.35—–45.20 dB和–34.22—–17.49 dB。回归得到实验鱼目标强度(TS,dB)与全长(TL,cm)关系式(1)鲤: TS = 29.84×lgTL – 95.23(R^2 = 0.74,P<0.01),(2)鳙: TS = 35.88×lgTL – 90.33 (R^2 = 0.83,P<0.01)。同时选择一个小型封闭水体(盐龙湖)“赶、拦、刺、张”联合渔法捕捞之前的鱼探仪调查数据作为分析实例,通过本文鳙TS-TL关系式估算全湖鱼类资源总量为89360 kg,折合40.1 g/m^2,捕捞产量(73610 kg)与之较为接近,在一定程度上反映了实验目标强度测定及其与体长关系式的合理性,有助于丰富我国内陆水域鱼类资源水声学评估技术的基础参数。     

类芽孢杆菌QHZ11对马铃薯黑痣病的生防效果

[背景] 马铃薯黑痣病是由立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）引起的一种典型土传病害,目前该病害生物防治的菌种资源比较有限,相应菌株生防机制的研究更是缺乏。[目的] 明确马铃薯黑痣病病原菌立枯丝核菌（R. solani） JT18的拮抗菌QHZ11对马铃薯黑痣病的生防效果,揭示QHZ11对黑痣病的部分防治机理。[方法] 在灭菌土壤中分别接种R. solani JT18（CK）,R. solani JT18和普通有机肥（Organic Fertilized,OF）,R.solaniJT18和氨基酸有机肥（AA+OF）及R. solani JT18和QHZ11生物有机肥（BOF11）,结合实时荧光定量PCR （Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR）等方法,研究马铃薯全生育期不同处理R.solaniJT18在马铃薯根际和植株不同部位的数量变化及拮抗菌QHZ11与R.solaniJT18的数量消长规律,同时比较不同处理黑痣病的病情指数及相应的防效。[结果] RT-qPCR结果表明,随马铃薯生育进程的推进,马铃薯根际、根系和匍匐茎R.solaniJT18的数量在各处理中均呈现先升高至块茎膨大期到达峰值后下降的趋势,而且各部位R.solaniJT18的数量为CK>OF>AA+OF>BOF11且根际>根系>匍匐茎;拮抗菌QHZ11的数量变化趋势与R.solaniJT18相同,但峰值在块茎形成期,并且同时期同一部位QHZ11的定殖数量均显著高于R.solaniJT18,甚至高出2个数量级,说明QHZ11占用了一定的营养资源和生态位点,严重抑制了R.solaniJT18的生长和繁殖。病情结果表明：CK病情指数最高,OF、AA+OF和BOF11处理均显著低于CK,其中BOF11处理发病最轻;生防结果则相反,为BOF11>AA+OF>OF处理,说明普通有机肥、氨基酸有机肥及生物有机肥均可不同程度地防治马铃薯黑痣病,其中以生物有机肥效果最显著。[结论] QHZ11以有机肥为载体施入土壤后,可以通过在马铃薯根际及植株不同部位竞争营养和生态位点,从而有效抑制黑痣病病原菌R.solaniJT18的生存和繁殖,起到显著的生防效果,这对QHZ11生物有机肥的应用和推广具有重要意义,并为进一步研究QHZ11的生防机制奠定了基础。     

Analysis of the biogenic amines in the central nervous system of the tobacco hornworm by high-performance liquid chromatography with 16-sensor electrochemical detection.

A method was developed to analyze biogenic amines in extracts of the central nervous system of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta by high-performance liquid chromatography with 16-sensor electrochemical detection (n-EC-HPLC). The amines, precursors, and metabolites were separated in two dimensions. The first dimension involves separation based upon retention time by reversed-phase HPLC, while the second dimension involves separation based upon the characteristic oxidation potentials achieved by n-EC. Biogenic amine identification was based upon maximum oxidation potential and peak height ratios in addition to retention time. The improved resolving power of this method allows for a simplified sample preparation procedure and simultaneous determination of a wide range of compounds, including phenylethylamine, catecholamines, indoleamines, and some of their precursors and metabolites.     

Effects of feeding a Lactobacillus plantarum JL01 diet on caecal bacteria and metabolites of weaned piglets

Currently, knowledge is limited concerning the impact of a Lactobacillus plantarum JL01 diet for weaned piglets on caecal bacteria and metabolite profiles. In our experiments, 24 weaned piglets were randomly divided into two groups; each piglet in the treatment groups (Cec-Lac) was fed a basic diet and administered 10 ml of L. plantarum JL01 (1·0 × 10⁹ CFU per ml) every day. The control group (Cec-Con) was fed a basic diet. After feeding for 28 days, we analysed the parameters of the caecal digesta of weaned piglets. We used 16S rDNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics techniques to investigate the effect of a L. plantarum JL01 diet on intestinal microbial composition and its metabolite profiles in the caecum contents of weaned piglets. The results showed that the richness estimators (ACE and Chao indices) in the caecal bacteria increased in the Cec-Lac group. Prevotella_2 and Desulfovibrio decreased significantly, while Pantoea and Rectale_group increased in the caecum of weaned piglets in the Cec-Lac group. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the genus Rectale_group was positively correlated with indole-3-acetic acid (P < 0·05), and the genus Pantoea had the same correlation with 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the L. plantarum JL01 diet supplementation had significant effects on tryptophan metabolism and fat digestion and absorption. The results indicated that the L. plantarum JL01 dietary supplementation not only altered the microbial composition but also mediated tryptophan metabolism and fat digestion and absorption in the caecum, factors that may further affect the health of the host.     

电子传递链的适配提高孕酮17α羟基化生物催化效率

17α羟化酶是转化孕酮制备各种孕激素药物中间体的关键酶。为提高该酶在生物催化中的特异性羟基化能力,本研究将来源于纤维素黏性细菌(Sorangiumcellulosum)Soce56的羟化酶CYP260A1与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) K-12来源的Fpr和牛肾上腺来源的Adx4-108组建成新的电子传递系统,用于孕酮的生物转化。通过对CYP260A1进行选择性突变,获得17α羟化酶活性显著提高的突变体S276I,经体外催化体系的优化设计,使17α-OH孕酮的产率达到58%。此外,利用定点突变技术探究铁氧还蛋白Adx4-108的模拟磷酸化对17α羟化酶活性的影响,结果显示,突变体Adx4-108T69E向S276I传递电子,进一步增强了对孕酮C17位的特异性,17α-OH孕酮的产率最终提高到74%。本研究为细菌来源的17α羟化酶特异性转化生产17α-OH孕酮提供了新的方案,为孕激素类药物在工业上利用生物转化法生产奠定了理论基础。     

清栓酶治愈10例急性肺栓塞报告

我们应用清栓酶对10例急性肺栓塞患者进行治疗观察,收到出人意料的临床效果,未发现明显的不良反应,提示该药溶栓、抗凝、止痛、止血等效果迅速、显著,确实。该药药源丰富,作用优于尿激酶,使用简便、安全,是治疗急性肺血栓病的一种颇有前途的新药。     

Latitudinal patterns of forest ecosystem stability across spatial scales as affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity

Our planet is facing a variety of serious threats from climate change that are unfolding unevenly across the globe. Uncovering the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability is important for predicting the responses of ecological processes and biodiversity patterns to climate change. However, the understanding of the latitudinal pattern of ecosystem stability across scales and of the underlying ecological drivers is still very limited. Accordingly, this study examines the latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at the local and regional spatial scale using a natural assembly of forest metacommunities that are distributed over a large temperate forest region, considering a range of potential environmental drivers. We found that the stability of regional communities (regional stability) and asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony) both decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the stability of local communities (local stability) did not. We tested a series of hypotheses that potentially drive the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability, and found that although the ecological drivers of biodiversity, climatic history, resource conditions, climatic stability, and environmental heterogeneity varied with latitude, latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at multiple scales were affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. In particular, α diversity is positively associated with local stability, while β diversity is positively associated with spatial asynchrony, although both relationships are weak. Our study provides the first evidence that latitudinal patterns of the temporal stability of naturally assembled forest metacommunities across scales are driven by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity within and between forest communities and the maintenance of heterogeneous landscapes can be crucial to buffer forest ecosystems at higher latitudes from the faster and more intense negative impacts of climate change in the future.