黑素皮质素受体-4的研究进展

黑素皮质素受体 4 (MC4R)是人类中枢神经系统中参与调节肥胖症发生的重要因素 ,可调节动物的体重和采食量。自MC4R基因克隆以来 ,学者们对MC4R的结构 ,生理功能 ,调控 ,作用机制及其基因突变与体重的关系等方面进行了大量的研究。     

用酵母双杂交系统筛选影响apo-AI和SR-BI相互作用的苦豆子活性成分

本文通过将苦豆子总提取物及其分离得到的10个组分加入含有AH109菌株(携带大鼠apo-AI及其受体SR-BI全基因)的培养基中,利用报告基因半乳糖苷酶活力有无变化来寻找能够促进大鼠载脂蛋白apo-AI及其受体SR-BI相互作用的激动剂.经测试,我们观察到苦豆子总提取物(K-1),在上述系统中能显著增强这两种蛋白的相互作用.继续用硅胶柱层析方法从k-1中分出10个组分后,利用酵母双杂交系统再次筛选,发现有五个组分能增强两种蛋白的相互作用,(与空白对照组相比其中有两个组分有极显著差异)另外三个组分显著地抑制上述两种蛋白的相互作用,剩下的两个组分则没有差异.该实验还提示该酵母双杂交系统可能成为一种跟踪具有调脂功能的先导化合物的有效方法.     

运用稳定同位素技术分析大宁河主要鱼类营养层级

运用氮稳定同位素技术分析了大宁河静水水域和流水河段主要鱼类的氮稳定同位素比值和营养层级,并对静水水域不同水文时期相同鱼类的营养层级进行了比较研究。结果表明, 颗粒有机物(POM)氮稳定性同位素变化幅度较大, 并存在季节差异。大宁河下游静水水域鱼类15N 值范围为4.5417.51, 营养级处于1.513.88, 平均营养层级为2.49;上游流水水域鱼类的15N 值范围为2.2510.81, 营养层级范围为1.494.01, 平均营养层级为2.87。大宁河上游鱼类的平均营养层级大于下游静水水域, 可能是由于上游底栖生物丰富, 鱼类倾向摄食适口性更高的动物性食物而导致。大宁河下游静水水域汛期的鱼类营养层级较非汛期的值显著降低, 可能是因为汛期的水文扰动影响鱼类摄食中间捕食者, 以及水位的降低导致鱼类食物竞争增加迫使其摄食低营养水平的食物。重复基准生物采样建立精确充足的基线值以及确定合适的富集度,是提高营养层级评估准确性的重要手段。       

利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但遗传因素仍起主要作用。 Abstract:The data of 21 families were analyzed by the method of Slater's calculating model to differentiate between single-gene and multi-gene heredity and by the method of non-deviation analysis.The results showed that the hereditary mode of handedness or preferential foot or hand-clasping is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the right type of all of them is the dominant character.In a way,although environmental factors affected the phenotypes of these characters,hereditary factors were also the decisive ones.     

利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但影响因素仍起主要作用。     

新疆醉马草化学成分的研究

用95％和60％乙醇提取、溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、重结晶等方法从新疆醉马草提取分离得到8个活性化合物,根据IR、MS、NMR等光谱技术方法分别鉴定为adenosine(1),veratroylzygadenine(2),germerine(3),十六烷酸2,3-二羟基丙酯(4),3-O-glucoside-veratramine(5),胡萝卜甙(6),4′,6,7-三羟基-3′,5′-二甲氧基黄酮(7),蔗糖(8)。这些成分均为首次从该植物及该属中获得。     

Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 Increases Intestinal Colonization by Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Pigs

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is a mycotoxin that commonly occurs in maize. FB₁ causes a variety of toxic effects in different animal species and has been implicated as a contributing factor of esophageal cancers in humans. In the present study, we examined the effect of dietary exposure to FB₁ on intestinal colonization by pathogenic Escherichia coli associated with extraintestinal infection. Three-week-old weaned pigs were given FB₁ by gavage as a crude extract or as a purified toxin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight daily for 6 days. On the last day of the toxin treatment, the pigs were orally inoculated with an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strain. All animals were euthanized 24 h later, necropsies were performed, and tissues were taken for bacterial counts and light microscopic examination. Ingestion of FB₁ had only a minimal effect on animal weight gain, did not cause any macroscopic or microscopic lesions, and did not change the plasma biochemical profile. However, colonization of the small and large intestines by an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strain was significantly increased. Our results show that FB₁ is a predisposing factor to infectious disease and that the pig can be used as a model for the study of the consequences of ingesting mycotoxin-contaminated food.     

雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落优势种时空生态位

为探究雅鲁藏布江中游浮游植物群落分布格局及其优势种时空生态位特征,于2021年7月、10月对该水域进行浮游植物样品的采集和水体理化因子的测定,鉴定浮游植物物种,计算浮游植物优势种生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率及相对资源占有率,运用共现网络模型分析群落的种间关联性,并对浮游植物优势种与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明：该水域共鉴定到浮游植物644种,隶属于8门12纲25目49科152属,其中,优势种22种,优势种中硅藻占90.9%,在群落中占绝对优势;丰水期的肘状针杆藻丰度最大(74.193×10⁴细胞/L)且出现频率最高(0.867),是丰水期绝对优势种;整体上优势种生态位宽度时间(0.833)>空间(0.254),优势种时空生态位宽度主要受空间生态位宽度的影响,空间异质性是影响该水域浮游植物优势种分布的主要因素;优势种时空二维生态位无意义重叠的种对占40.69%,优势种时空二维的生态位重叠以中、低等级为主,优势种间对时空资源需求异质性高,种间潜在竞争关系较弱;该水域枯水期浮游植物群落的网络结构紧密,群落连通性、群落复杂度和物种间生态位...