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71.

Key message

Abiotic stress-induced superoxide generation depending on its localization, level, duration and presumably also on the action of other signals may lead to different stress responses.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations in superoxide generation and morphogenesis following short-term Cd, IAA and alloxan treatments, during stress and recovery period in barley root tips. At low Cd concentration the transient accumulation of superoxide in the epidermal cells was accompanied by root growth inhibition and radial expansion of cortical cells in the elongation zone of root tips. These morphological changes were very similar to the externally applied IAA-induced responses. However, the role of superoxide generated in the epidermal cells by low concentration of Cd and IAA is probably alone not sufficient for the induction of these processes. SDS as an activator of NOX activity caused a strong accumulation of superoxide in the epidermal cells along the whole root apex but without any changes in root morphology and growth. On the other hand, higher Cd concentrations as well as alloxan stimulated the generation of superoxide in the cortical tissue of the elongation zone of root tip, which was accompanied by the induction of cell death. Our results suggest that enhanced superoxide generation, depending on its localization, level, duration and presumably also on the action of other signals, may lead to altered root morphology (15?μM Cd or IAA), root growth inhibition (alloxan), transient root growth cessation (30?μM Cd) or to the death of cells/root at higher (60?μM) Cd concentrations.  相似文献   
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White-nose syndrome, associated with the fungal skin infection geomycosis, caused regional population collapse in bats in North America. Our results, based on histopathology, show the presence of white-nose syndrome in Europe. Dermatohistopathology on two bats (Myotis myotis) found dead in March 2010 with geomycosis in the Czech Republic had characteristics resembling Geomyces destructans infection in bats confirmed with white-nose syndrome in US hibernacula. In addition, a live M. myotis, biopsied for histopathology during hibernation in April 2011, had typical fungal infection with cupping erosion and invasion of muzzle skin diagnostic for white-nose syndrome and conidiospores identical to G. destructans that were genetically confirmed as G. destructans.  相似文献   
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During an initial study in searching for the alternative derivatives suitable for photolabeling of neuroactive steroids, perfluorobenzoates and perfluorobenzamides in position 17 of 5β-androstan-3α-ol were synthesized from the corresponding 17-hydroxy and 17-amino derivatives. After transformation into glutamates or sulfates, 17α-epimers had comparable inhibitory activity at NMDA receptors to the natural neurosteroid (20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3β-yl sulfate), however, were more potent (2- to 36-fold) than their 17β-substituted analogs. In one case, fluorine in position 4' of perfluorobenzoate group was substituted with azide and activity of the final glutamate was retained comparing with the corresponding perfluorobenzoate. The series was expanded with perfluorobenzoyl derivatives of pregnanolone: Perfluorobenzamide of glutamate and perfluorobenzoate of 11α-hydroxy pregnanolone were prepared and tested. From nine tested compounds, four of them exhibit very good inhibition activity and can serve as promising leads for photolabeling experiments.  相似文献   
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Ladislav Bocak 《ZooKeys》2012,(241):55-66
The Javanese fauna of the species group Cautires obsoletus is revised. Altogether, eight Javanese species were classified in the group; five of them are proposed to be junior subjective synonyms: Cautires fruhstorferi Dudkova & Bocak, 2010, a replacement name of Bulenides lineatus Pic, 1921, Cautires javanicus Bourgeois, 1883, Cautires inhumeralis (Pic, 1921), Cautires nigromaculatus (Pic, 1925), and Cautires pudicus (Kleine, 1931) (all synonymized to Cautires obsoletus Waterhouse, 1879). Three Javanese species are redescribed: Cautires apicalis (Pic, 1925), Cautires obsoletus (Waterhouse, 1878), and Cautires singularithorax (Pic, 1925). Cautires apicalis (Pic, 1925) is removed from the synonymy of Cautires corporaali (Pic, 1921) and reinstated as a valid name. Three new species are proposed: Cautires walteri sp. n., Cautires taoi sp. n., and Cautires sukosarensis sp. n. All species are keyed and principal diagnostic characters are illustrated. The distribution and relationships to Cautires fauna of other Great Sundas islands are briefly discussed.  相似文献   
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Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a key player in host immune responses in higher eukaryotes. IL-1α has pleiotropic effects on a wide range of cell types, and it has been extensively studied for its ability to contribute to various autoimmune and inflammation-linked disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, systemic sclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Interestingly, a significant proportion of IL-1α is translocated to the cell nucleus, in which it interacts with histone acetyltransferase complexes. Despite the importance of IL-1α, little is known regarding its binding targets and functions in the nucleus. We took advantage of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes being evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans and the yeast SAGA complex serving as an epitome of the eukaryotic HAT complexes. Using gene knock-out technique and co-immunoprecipitation of the IL-1α precursor with TAP-tagged subunits of the yeast HAT complexes, we mapped the IL-1α-binding site to the HAT/Core module of the SAGA complex. We also predicted the 3-D structure of the IL-1α N-terminal domain, and by employing structure similarity searches, we found a similar structure in the C-terminal regulatory region of the catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated/Snf1 protein kinases, which interact with HAT complexes both in mammals and yeast, respectively. This finding is further supported with the ability of the IL-1α precursor to partially rescue growth defects of snf1Δ yeast strains on media containing 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), a competitive inhibitor of His3. Finally, the careful evaluation of our data together with other published data in the field allows us to hypothesize a new function for the ADA complex in SAGA complex assembly.  相似文献   
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