Analysis of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations by line probe assay and direct sequencing in a cohort of therapy naive HIV-1 infected Italian patients

Background  

Recent studies of viral entry proteins from influenza, measles, human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), and Ebola virus have shown, first with molecular modeling, and then X-ray crystallographic or other biophysical studies, that these disparate viruses share a coiled-coil type of entry protein.     

Involvement of a plasmid in Escherichia coli envelope alterations.

A plasmid-containing wild-type Escherichia coli strain was treated with two plasmid-curing agents, sodium dodecyl sulfate and ethidium bromide. Plasmid elimination was accompanied by drastic changes in the morphology of the colonies. Analysis of the cured strain by scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed important alterations in size and morphology of the cells. Metabolic differences were also found between the wild-type and cured cells.     

Controlled cultivation of Alexandrium minutum and [P] orthophosphate cell labeling towards surface adhesion tests

We describe a protocol for preparing cultures of the PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning) dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum, towards subsequent studies of cell adhesion onto artificial substrates. First, phenotypic uniformity of the strain used and reproducibility of the standard growth profile are obtained by optimising key parameters. Batches of A. minutum at mid-exponential proliferation phase are radiolabeled with ³³P-containing medium in order to later quantify cell adhesion. A mortality corrective index is applied to the latter, using the vital fluorochrome acridine orange, i.e. dead cells show no nuclear incorporation under epifluorescence microscopy.