葡萄糖氧化酶解除黄曲霉毒素M_1的应用研究

试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶解除黄曲霉毒素M_1毒性的应用效果。选择含有7.2μg/kg(A组)和19.5μg/kg(B组)黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的玉米饲料,分别添加5‰固体和液体葡萄糖氧化酶制剂,连续饲喂奶牛10 d,同时和延后测定鲜牛奶和尿中黄曲霉毒素M_1(AFM_1)量。测定数据表明,与AFB_1组相比,固体酶A组产牛奶中AFM_1未检出,B组中AFM_1含量平均减少了76.47%;液体酶A组产牛奶中AFM_1未检出,B组中AFM_1平均减少了82.35%。尿中AFM_1量减少了75%、70.5%和75%、73.1%;与对照组相比,牛奶产量、牛奶中蛋白质及脂肪含量没有变化。     

Pregnancy Loss Following Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Mice during Early Gestation Due toHigh Expression of Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) in Uterus and Embryo

Coxsackieviruses are important pathogens in children and the outcomes of neonatal infection can be serious or fatal. However, the outcomes of coxsackievirus infection during early gestation are not well defined. In this study, we examined the possibility of vertical transmission of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and the effects of CVB3 infection on early pregnancy of ICR mice. We found that the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was highly expressed not only in embryos but also in the uterus of ICR mice. CVB3 replicated in the uterus 1 to 7 days post-infection (dpi), with the highest titer at 3 dpi. The pregnancy loss rate in mice infected with CVB3 during early gestation was 38.3%, compared to 4.7% and 2.7% in mock-infected and UV-inactivated-CVB3 infected pregnant mice, respectively. These data suggest that the uterus and embryo, which express abundant CAR, are important targets of CVB3 and that the vertical transmission of CVB3 during early gestation induces pregnancy loss.     

Rad9 plays an important role in DNA mismatch repair through physical interaction with MLH1

Rad9 is conserved from yeast to humans and plays roles in DNA repair (homologous recombination repair, and base-pair excision repair) and cell cycle checkpoint controls. It has not previously been reported whether Rad9 is involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). In this study, we have demonstrated that both human and mouse Rad9 interacts physically with the MMR protein MLH1. Disruption of the interaction by a single-point mutation in Rad9 leads to significantly reduced MMR activity. This disruption does not affect S/M checkpoint control and the first round of G₂/M checkpoint control, nor does it alter cell sensitivity to UV light, gamma rays or hydroxyurea. Our data indicate that Rad9 is an important factor in MMR and carries out its MMR function specifically through interaction with MLH1.     

Las-like quorum-sensing system negatively regulates both pyoluteorin and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production in Pseudomonas sp. M18

A las-like quorum-sensing system in Pseudomonas sp. M18 was identified, which consisted of lasI and lasR genes encoding LuxI-LuxR type regulator. Several functions of the las system from strain M18 were investigated in this study. The chromosomal inactivation of either lasI or lasR by recombination increased the production of both pyoluteorin (Plt) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) by 4－5 fold and 2－3 fold over that of the wild type strain of M18, respectively. Production of both antibiotics was restored to wild-type levels after in trans complementation with the wild-type lasI or lasR gene. Ex-pression of the translational fusions pltA׳-׳lacZ and phzA׳-׳lacZ further confirmed the negative effect of lasI or lasR on both biosynthetic operons, and it was also demonstrated that the las system was related to the ability of swarming motility and the inhibition of cell growth.     

不同处理对濒危植物黄枝油杉扦插育苗的影响

黄枝油杉属珍稀濒危植物,树形高大,采种困难,母树开花结实少,种子发芽率低,繁殖速度慢。采用扦插育苗,方法简便易行,繁殖速度快。为此,针对与黄枝油杉扦插育苗成活、生长密切相关的插穗粗度、ABT生根粉浓度和施肥种类三大因素,分别进行对比试验。结果表明:插穗茎粗0.70cm用150mg/LABT生根粉溶液处理的平均成活率达95.6%;扦插成活后施用粪肥+尿素(配比为100∶0.4)的混合肥苗木生长健壮,平均抽梢长达30.8cm。方差分析和多重比较分析结果表明,插穗粗度、ABT生根粉浓度和肥料种类对黄枝油杉扦插苗木的生长影响极大。     

新型战伤急救止血剂体内抗菌活性的实验研究

目的：探讨新型战伤急救止血剂对家兔急性感染伤口的抗菌作用。方法：选用兔感染创面模型,分新型战伤止血剂、5A沸石、Quiclot和空白对照组对创面进行治疗,通过组织学观察、组织内细菌计数等方法对各组抗菌性能进行研究。结果：肉眼和组织学观察新型战伤急救止血剂治疗组动物模型伤口,炎症反应均小于其他各组;新型战伤急救止血剂治疗组织内细菌计数为104,比其他3组显著减少（P〈0.01）。结论：新型战伤急救止血剂具有良好的体内抗菌性能。     

黑木耳黑色素对急性肝损伤的改善作用

黑色素是一种广泛存在于动物、植物、细菌及真菌中的生物色素,具有多种生物功能及良好的生物活性。黑木耳以“黑”出名,其富含的黑色素具有广阔开发应用价值。本研究旨在评价黑木耳黑色素对急性肝损伤的改善作用。首先应用傅里叶红外光谱初步对提取的黑木耳黑色素进行鉴定,再通过DPPH自由基及羟基自由基清除实验证实提取的黑木耳黑色素体外抗氧化能力,并进一步以四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,通过检测血清酶指标、肝功指标的变化及病理切片情况,来评价黑木耳黑色素体内抗氧化及保肝效果。结果表明,提取的黑木耳黑色素具有黑色素特征的官能团结构和良好的体外抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基和羟基（OH）自由基清除的EC₅₀分别为0.0887mg/mL、2.2030mg/mL;动物体内实验中,与模型组对比,给药组（黑木耳黑色素）的小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量显著降低（P<0.01）,肝脏中MDA含量显著降低（P<0.01）和SOD活性显著升高（P<0.01）,并且肝细胞病理状态明显改善。本文报道了黑木耳黑色素在体内能有效改善四氯化碳诱导的小鼠肝损伤,为黑木耳的功能产品开发提供了新思路和研究基础。     

Ca2+: a stabilizing component of the transglutaminase activity of Galphah (transglutaminase II)

Galphah (transglutaminase type II; tissue transglutaminase) is a bifunctional enzyme with transglutaminase (TGase) and guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activities. The GTPase function of Galphah is involved in hormonal signaling and cell growth while the TGase function plays an important role in apoptosis and in cross-linking extracellular and intracellular proteins. To analyze the regulation of these dual enzymatic activities we examined their calcium-dependence and thermal stability in enzymes from several cardiac sources (mouse heart, and normal, ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts). The GTP binding activity of Galphah was markedly inhibited by Ca2+ whereas the TGase activity was strongly stimulated, suggesting that Ca2+ acts as a regulator, switching Galphah from a GTPase to a TGase. The TGase function of Galphah of both mouse and human hearts was more thermostable in the presence of Ca2+.     

Sensitivity of Prestaining RNA with Ethidium Bromide Before Electrophoresis and Performance of Subsequent Northern Blots Using Heterologous DNA Probes

Adding ethidium bromide (EtBr) at low concentrations to RNA samples before running formaldehyde–agarose gels affords the advantages of checking RNA integrity and evaluating the quality of size-separation at any time during electrophoresis or immediately after either electrophoresis or blotted the separated RNA onto the membrane without significantly compromising mobility, transfer, or hybridization. In this study, we systematically examined the factors that affect the sensitivity of RNA prestaining by heating RNA samples that include EtBr before electrophoresis under different denaturation conditions. We also examined the efficiency of the hybridization of EtBr-prestained RNA with heterologous DNA probes. The results showed that the fluorescent intensity of EtBr-prestained RNA was affected not only by the EtBr concentration as previously reported but also by the RNA amount, denaturation time, and denaturation temperature. Prior staining of RNA with 40 μg/mL EtBr significantly decreased the efficiency of Northern blot hybridization with heterologous DNA probes. We propose that to best combine staining sensitivity and the efficiency of Northern blot hybridization with heterologous DNA probes, the concentration of EtBr used to prestain RNA should not exceed 30 μg/mL. The efficiency of the hybridization of EtBr-prestained RNA was affected not only by factors that affect staining sensitivity but also by the type of probe used.