Functioning of soils in the hummock-hollow ecosystems of the upper Angara region

The hummock-hollow relief is typical of the Angara region, which determines mottling of the soil cover, its complexity. We examined how microelements (elementary composition), exchangeable Ca and Mg, and biogenic parameters (humus composition, biological activity) behave in soils. The topical problems concerning the studied object are discussed.     

Joint culturing of Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU with Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus mesentericus

Nisin synthesis by Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU, grown as a combined culture together with Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus mesentericus under stationary conditions or with stirring does not depend on the quantity of inoculated associated cells. Nisin synthesis in the combined culture drops down by 10-20% at the initial pH 7.5 of the growth medium which is unfavourable for S. lactis producing nisin. The level of nisin biosynthesis does not rise when the pH of the medium is adjusted (either naturally or artificially) to 6.6-6.8 in the presence of glucose and yeast autolysate. S. lactis inhibits the growth of B. mesentericus when grown together with it whereas P. vulgaris inhibits the growth of S. lactis in their combined culture.     

Basic patterns in the epidemic process of measles under conditions of massive immunization]

Observations over the measles epidemic process in Leningrad showed that the sporadic morbidity level reached in 1974--4.1 per 100 000 residents; however periodic elevation and decline of morbidity and tis seasonal variations persisted. A rise of morbidity in 1972--1973, and by preliminary data--in 1975, occurred on account of the older age groups. There was revealed no dependence of the disease incidence among the persons vaccinated on the time lapse after their vaccination. Individual batches of live measles vaccine issued in 1963--1969 were not up to the standard, this serving as one of the cases of the occurence of group incidence of the infection in some foci.     

双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新片治疗TURP术后OAB的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新治疗TURP术后OAB的临床疗效及预防性用药的必要性。方法:采取随机区组单盲的临床试验设计,将入选患者随机分为预防用药组和观察用药组。预防性用药组分别别使用双氯芬酸钠栓、索利那新片单药处理及两种药物联合处理,观察用药组在出现症状后按照预防性用药组的相同方法给药。结果:观察用药组中,双氯芬酸钠栓治疗的完全缓解率为50%,索利那新为81.8%,联合用药为90.5%,显著高于双氯芬酸钠栓(P0.05),各组不良反应的发生情况比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。预防用药组中,索利那新、双氯芬酸钠栓及联合用药分别可使TURP术后OAB的发生率降低45.0%、50.9%、53.8%.,三组之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),且三组不良反应的发生情况比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:双氯芬酸钠栓和索利那新治疗TURP术后OAB均安全有效,联合用药效果更佳,且预防性用药可以显著降低TURP术后OAB症状的发生率。     

棉铃虫持续取食对棉花三种防御酶活性的作用

昆虫取食作为一种关键的生物胁迫因子对棉花防御机制产生了重要影响。植物对昆虫取食产生的防御响应,在昆虫与植物的生态关系中具有重要作用。为了明确棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera取食与棉花防御性之间的动态互作关系,本文研究了棉铃虫持续取食下及停止取食后,棉花中3种防御相关酶活性变化的时间效应。在明确了棉花受损程度与棉铃虫取食时间关系的基础上,分别考察了棉铃虫持续取食2、6、12、18和24h,对棉花中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、脂氧合酶(LOX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响。针对棉铃虫持续取食棉叶12h后停止取食,研究了去除虫害胁迫后0、6、12、24和36h,棉花体内PAL、LOX、PPO活性的变化。结果表明:在棉铃虫持续取食棉叶24h内,棉花中3种防御酶的活性响应有所不同,其中,棉铃虫持续取食2和6h对棉花体内PAL活性没有产生显著影响,而持续取食12h显著诱导了PAL活性,持续取食24和36h,均极显著诱导了PAL活性;棉铃虫持续取食2、6、12、和18h均显著诱导了棉花体内LOX活性,持续取食24h极显著诱导了LOX活性;棉铃虫持续取食6h极显著诱导了棉花体内PPO活性,持续取食24h显著诱导了PPO活性。棉铃虫取食12h后停止取食,在去除虫害除胁迫后0、6、12、24和36h,棉花体内PAL活性均显著升高;而LOX活性则呈现出先升高后恢复正常的现象;PPO活性开始无变化,但在胁迫去除后12和24h显著增高,到36h恢复正常。可见,棉花体内PAL、LOX和PPO活性对棉铃虫取食产生的防御响应,与其受虫害持续取食胁迫时间的增长呈正相关,随着取食时间和受危害的程度加大而升高。并且,在虫害胁迫去除后的一定时间内,棉花体内PAL、LOX和PPO活性依然会保持较高的活性状态,而同等程度机械损伤后的棉叶内PAL、LOX、PPO活性均没有发生显著性变化。说明棉花对于棉铃虫取食胁迫的防御与棉花生理生化性质的改变有关,且具有持续性。     

小麦收割对新疆北部集约化棉区主要天敌昆虫种群数量的影响

于2009年6—8月小麦成熟至收割期对新疆北部奎屯垦区124团集约化棉区进行了调查,通过扫网法采集了棉区麦田和棉田的昆虫,并对其种群数量进行了统计分析。结果表明:随着小麦逐渐成熟,麦田中的天敌昆虫数量持续下降;当小麦全部收割后,麦田中只有极少数天敌昆虫生存。而与麦田相邻的棉田中的天敌昆虫数量在小麦收割后迅速上升,平均百网虫量达到59.23头,高于对照组连片棉田(平均百网虫量15.33头);小麦的收割比例与棉田天敌昆虫的种群数量存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05),4类主要天敌昆虫(草蛉科、姬蜂科、瓢虫科、食蚜蝇科)种群数量变化趋势之间没有显著差异。小麦收割会驱使失去生境的天敌昆虫转移进入相邻的棉田,姬蜂科、瓢虫科、食蚜蝇科等活动能力强的天敌昆虫类群更容易进入新的生境,而活动能力相对较弱的类群(草蛉科)则难以转移至棉田中。深入研究集约化棉区麦田与棉田中天敌昆虫的库源关系,将有助于集约化农业体系的进一步发展。     

METHODS IN GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ONTOGENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF ANIMALS

简要回顾了几何形态学的发展历史,介绍了30多年来该领域使用的主要方法及其在生物发育与进化研究中的实际应用.除目前应用最为广泛的标点法和轮廓线法外,基于三维数据的表面特征分析和有限元分析也在该领域得到推广.这些方法可运用于分析两性分化、异速生长、种群分化、种上进化以及复杂功能结构的形态集成等科学问题.几何形态学与生物信息学的综合运用还将有利于探讨表型变化与遗传物质变化的相关性.随着生物成像技术和海量数据计算技术的进步,几何形态学将由目前以二维数据为主的研究向三维重建和分析的方向发展.     

喀斯特乡土树种伊桐的种实性状及幼苗生长特征

研究了喀斯特乡土树种伊桐的果实性状、种子性状、播种萌发和幼苗生长等的基本特征。结果表明:伊桐果实单果鲜重63.20～149.50g,其长度和宽度则分别为55.59～86.60mm和38.59～51.80mm,单果出种量19.95～57.15g,出籽率31.57%～40.81%,单果种子数343～690粒,单粒种子均重0.0582～0.0857g,其出籽率、单果种子数和单粒种子均重与果实重量存在一定程度的正相关;伊桐种子的长、宽平均分别为(25.93±2.80)mm和(13.72±2.88)mm,完整种子平均风干重(0.0153±0.0033)g,脱翅种子平均重(0.0112±0.0024)g,种翅占整个种子的(26.56±4.53)%;伊桐种子播前采取不同处理方式的平均发芽天数、平均发芽指数和平均发芽率等存在一定或是比较明显的差异,浸种、脱翅或两者相结合的方式均能有效缩短种子发芽时间并明显提高种子发芽率;伊桐幼苗的株高和基径的月均生长量分别介于3.3～16.3cm和0.32～2.80mm之间,其中经浸种处理的前期生长较快,未经浸种处理的中期生长较快。     

Essential roles for the Dhr78 orphan nuclear receptor during molting of the Drosophila tracheal system

The Drosophila Dhr78 orphan nuclear receptor has been proposed to play a role in molting of the tracheal cuticle and regulate gene expression during the third larval instar, possibly in response to a novel systemic hormonal signal. Here, we show that there are no essential maternal functions for Dhr78 during development, and that mutants missing both maternal and zygotic Dhr78 function die primarily during second and third instar larval development. We show that defects in the tracheal system can be observed as early as the first instar, manifested as regions of fluid in the dorsal tracheal trunks. In addition, Dhr78 mutant tracheae show a highly penetrant defect in gas filling at the first-to-second instar larval molt. Dhr78 expression in only the tracheal system is sufficient to rescue the lethality of Dhr78 mutants, and selective inactivation of Dhr78 function in the tracheae by targeted RNAi is sufficient to result in tracheal defects. Finally, we see no evidence for widespread activation of the Dhr78 ligand binding domain in third instar larvae using the GAL4-LBD system, arguing against a systemic hormone for the receptor at this stage in development. Taken together, our results indicate that Dhr78 exerts its essential functions during molting of the tracheal cuticle in Drosophila.     

音乐干预改善门诊痔疮手术患者心理状态临床研究

目的:探讨门诊手术室应用音乐干预护理痔疮手术患者的临床效果.方法:选取痔疮手术患者72例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各36例.对照组给予常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上进行音乐干预,观察2组患者生理指标的变化及疼痛的发生情况,并采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估两组患者焦虑情况.结果:试验组实施干预后,心率、血压、血浆皮质醇浓度低于对照组(P＜0.05),术中疼痛程度低于对照组(P＜0.01);试验组SAS评分明显低于干预前(P＜0.01),对照组治疗前后SAS评分比较无显著差异(P＞0.05),试验组干预后gAS评分低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:门诊痔疮手术患者采用音乐干预,能缓解患者的紧张心理,减少术中并发症,有利于手术的顺利进行.