岷江金丝桃中一个新的间苯三酚类化合物

从岷江金丝桃(Hypericum henryi subsp.uraloides)中分离得到了一个新的问苯三酚类化合物(1),命名为umloidin A.其结构主要通过Ms,1D以及2D NMR等波谱方法鉴定.同时,还得到7个已知化合物.     

Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on chitosan/silica sol-gel hybrid membranes for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide biosensor

A simple and effective strategy for fabrication of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) biosensor has been developed by entrapping horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in chitosan/silica sol–gel hybrid membranes (CSHMs) doped with potassium ferricyanide (K₃Fe(CN)₆) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on platinum electrode surface. The hybrid membranes are prepared by cross-linking chitosan (CS) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), while the presence of GNPs improved the conductivity of CSHMs, and the Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− was used as a mediator to transfer electrons between the electrode and HRP due to its excellent electrochemistry activity. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy was employed to characterize the different components in the CSHMs and their interaction. The parameters influencing the performance of the resulting biosensor were optimized and the characteristic of the resulting biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Linear calibration for hydrogen peroxide was obtained in the range of 3.5 × 10^− 6 to 1.4 × 10^− 3 M under the optimized conditions with the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 8.0 × 10^− 7 M. The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of the enzyme electrode was 0.93 mM. The enzyme electrode retained about 78% of its response sensitivity after 30 days. The system was applied for the determination of the samples, and the results obtained were satisfactory.     

MicroRNA miR-199a* regulates the MET proto-oncogene and the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we show that the expression of miR-199a and miR-199a* (miR-199a/a*), which are processed from the same precursor, is confined to fibroblast cells among cultured cell lines. The fibroblast-specific expression pattern correlated well with methylation patterns: gene loci on chromosome 1 and 19 were fully methylated in all examined cell lines but unmethylated in fibroblasts. Transfection of miR-199a and/or -199a* mimetics into several cancer cell lines caused prominent apoptosis with miR-199a* being more pro-apoptotic. The mechanism underlying apoptosis induced by miR-199a was caspase-dependent, whereas a caspase-independent pathway was involved in apoptosis induced by miR-199a* in A549 cells. By employing microarray and immunoblotting analyses, we identified the MET proto-oncogene as a target of miR-199a*. Studies with a luciferase reporter fused to the 3'-untranslated region of the MET gene demonstrated miR-199a*-mediated down-regulation of luciferase activity through a binding site of miR-199a*. Interestingly, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) was also down-regulated by miR-199a*. Coordinated down-regulation of both MET and its downstream effector ERK2 by miR-199a* may be effective in inhibiting not only cell proliferation but also motility and invasive capabilities of tumor cells.     

Shox2-deficiency leads to dysplasia and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in mice

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique synovial joint whose development differs from the formation of other synovial joints. Mutations have been associated with the developmental defects of the TMJ only in a few genes. In this study, we report the expression of the homeobox gene Shox2 in the cranial neural crest derived mesenchymal cells of the maxilla-mandibular junction and later in the progenitor cells and undifferentiated chondrocytes of the condyle as well as the glenoid fossa of the developing TMJ. A conditional inactivation of Shox2 in the cranial neural crest-derived cells causes developmental abnormalities in the TMJ, including dysplasia of the condyle and glenoid fossa. The articulating disc forms but fuses with the fibrous layers of the condyle and glenoid fossa, clinically known as TMJ ankylosis. Histological examination indicates a delay in development in the mutant TMJ, accompanied by a significantly reduced rate of cell proliferation. In situ hybridization further demonstrates an altered expression of several key osteogenic genes and a delayed expression of the osteogenic differentiation markers. Shox2 appears to regulate the expression of osteogenic genes and is essential for the development and function of the TMJ. The Shox2 conditional mutant thus provides a unique animal model of TMJ ankylosis.     

Population size estimation in a two-list surveillance system with a discrete covariate

Summary .   Capture–recapture methods are widely adopted to estimate sizes of populations of public health interest using information from surveillance systems. For a two-list surveillance system with a discrete covariate, a population is divided into several subpopulations. A unified framework is proposed in which the logits of presence probabilities are decomposed into case effects and list effects. The estimators for the whole population and subpopulation sizes, their adjusted versions, and asymptotic standard errors admit closed-form expressions. Asymptotic and bootstrap individual and simultaneous confidence intervals are easily constructed. Conditional likelihood ratio tests are used to select one from three possible models. Real examples are investigated.     

Linoleic acid stimulates gluconeogenesis via Ca2+/PLC, cPLA2, and PPAR pathways through GPR40 in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes

Fatty acids serve vital functions as sources of energy, building materials for cellular structures, and modulators of physiological responses. Therefore, this study examined the effect of linoleic acid on glucose production and its related signal pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. Linoleic acid (double-unsaturated, long chain) increased glucose production in a dose (> or =10(-4) M)- and time (> or =8 h)-dependent manner. Both oleic acid (monounsaturated, long chain) and palmitic acid (saturated, long chain) also increased glucose production, whereas caproic acid (saturated, short chain) failed to increase glucose production. Linoleic acid increased G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40; also known as free fatty acid receptor-1) protein expression and glucose production that was blocked by GPR40-specific small interfering RNA. Linoleic acid increased intracellular calcium concentration, which was blocked by EGTA (extracellular calcium chelator)/BAPTA-AM (intracellular calcium chelator), U-73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor), nifedipine, or methoxyverapamil (L-type calcium channel blockers). Linoleic acid increased cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) phosphorylation and the release of [(3)H]-labeled arachidonic acid. Moreover, linoleic acid increased the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, which stimulated the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). The increase in PGE(2) production subsequently stimulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression, and MK-886 (PPAR-alpha antagonist) and GW-9662 (PPAR-delta antagonist) inhibited glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In addition, linoleic acid-induced glucose production was blocked by inhibition of extracellular and intracellular calcium, cPLA(2), COX-2, or PPAR pathways. In conclusion, linoleic acid promoted glucose production via Ca(2+)/PLC, cPLA(2)/COX-2, and PPAR pathways through GPR40 in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes.     

丘陵区生态农业旅游的垂直景观生态研究

针对城郊丘陵区的地貌特征,生态农业旅游景观应按坡度和等高线布置,形成山顶水保林带、坡上桃树带、坡中枇杷带、坡下特种瓜果带、山底特色水域带的垂直生态景观模式。这种模式不仅具有良好的景观效果,也产生了很好的生态效益。试验区植被覆盖率显著提高,物种多样性得到了恢复,景观林带内的气温和土温降低、温度日变幅减少、空气相对湿度增加,这种效果由弱至强依次表现为农作地、水保林、经果林。果园自然生草、种植牧草后有利于降低土壤和空气温度、减少温度日变幅、增加空气相对湿度和防治水土流失的效果。     

红螺菌对Cu2+的吸附研究

研究了4株红螺菌(R-01,R-02,R-03,R-04)对Cu^2 的生物吸附行为。结果表明,3株红螺菌(R-01,R-02,R-04)对20mg／L的Cu^2 有较高的吸附率,其中R-04达99．1％。进一步研究了R-04菌体的最佳吸附条件,在pH2、浓度为80mg／L Cu^2 、35℃、微光厌氧下吸附45min,吸附率、吸附量分别达94％,48．08mg／g。在一定的浓度范围内红螺菌对Cu^2 的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型,但符合Langmuir吸附模型的程度更优。     

丹参酚酸水提取工艺的研究

本文以药典规定的水溶性总酚酸紫外吸收度为检测指标,考察了丹参酚酸的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺为：采用16倍水煎煮,每次煎煮时间不能超过0．5h,煎煮4次后基本提取完全。另外本文还对水提液的醇沉工艺进行了考察,研究结果表明50％醇沉的效果最好。     

茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性研究

从婺源粗老绿茶叶中提取纯化出了茶叶多糖,研究了它对超氧自由基、DPPH自由基的清除作用,以及对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,茶叶多糖对超氧自由基、DPPH自由基有较好的清除作用,而对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系也有较明显的抑制作用.