A Model of the Partitioning of Growth between the Shoots and Roots of Vegetative Plants

A model of the partitioning of new growth between the shootsand roots of vegetative plants is presented. There are two partitioningfunctions, involving one partitioning parameter, which describethe priorities for new growth in both the shoots and roots.The dynamic responses, to changes in the environment and toshoot defoliation, of shoot and root specific growth rates,shoot: root ratio, and carbon and nitrogen substrate levels,are examined; realistic behaviour is observed. Balanced exponentialgrowth solutions are also examined and it is concluded thatrelationships between some derived plant growth quantities maybe non-unique, thus emphasizing the need for a critical understandingof the underlying physiological processes involved in plantgrowth. Mathematical model, partitioning of assimilates, shoot: root ratio, specific growth rate, carbon and nitrogen substrate levels     

Moulting cycles

Moulting in mammals is a cyclic phenomenon which often occurs in a wave–like pattern. The moult cycle depends upon an inherent rhythm of activity in the hair follicles, which may be modified by systemic factors. In laboratory rodents a number of hormones affect the timing of the moult, as well as affecting the amount of hair produced and the loss of club hairs.
In Microtus agrestis a seasonal moult results in a sparse coat with coarse hairs in summer and a dense coat with fine hairs in winter. The moult appears to be adjusted to the environment by way of the endocrine system, with adrenal and thyroid hormones, as well as sex hormones, involved in the regulation. The importance of such adaptive coat changes are discussed.     

Estimating sib percentages from small samples of F1 hybrid populations

Plant breeders raising F_x hybrid populations cannot usually grow more than about 300 plants from one seed lot. If not more than k sibs are observed in a random sample of size N, they then need to estimate the probability that the proportion of sibs in the population is at most p. For sample sizes of not more than 300 this note describes the required statistical procedure which, though not new, may be unfamiliar to plant breeders.     

Genome‐enabled development of DNA markers for ecology,evolution and conservation

Molecular markers have become a fundamental piece of modern biology’s toolkit. In the last decade, new genomic resources from model organisms and advances in DNA sequencing technology have altered the way that these tools are developed, alleviating the marker limitation that researchers previously faced and opening new areas of research for studies of non‐model organisms. This availability of markers is directly responsible for advances in several areas of research, including fine‐scaled estimation of population structure and demography, the inference of species phylogenies, and the examination of detailed selective pressures in non‐model organisms. This review summarizes methods for the development of large numbers of DNA markers in non‐model organisms, the challenges encountered when utilizing different methods, and new research applications resulting from these advances.