沼液对蒙古黄芪抗逆生理指标及药用活性成分含量的影响

以一年生蒙古黄芪苗为实验材料,设置4个沼液浓度(0%、50%、80%和100%)和1个化肥浓度处理,通过盆栽实验,研究不同浓度沼液基施(作基肥施入)和配施(基肥+2次叶面喷洒)对黄芪苗生长、生理指标及药用有效成分含量的影响。结果显示：(1)配施50%沼液、配施或者基施80%沼液及基施100%沼液均有助于增加蒙古黄芪生物量,但沼液施用效果不如基施化肥明显。(2)配施低浓度沼液(50%)和基施高浓度沼液(80%)均可显著提高黄芪叶片叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量,并显著优于基施化肥的效果。(3)配施50%沼液能促进蒙古黄芪叶片SOD、CAT活性,基施80%沼液能促进SOD活性,而配施80%沼液能促进POD、CAT活性,但100%沼液却使各保护酶活性均迅速下降;黄芪SOD活性对沼液处理较敏感,而POD、CAT活性对基施化肥处理较敏感;黄芪叶片MDA含量在适宜沼液浓度和施用方式下显著较低,但在基施80%沼液处理下显著较高。(4)黄芪根内黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量随沼液浓度增加呈先增后降趋势;黄芪甲苷含量以80%沼液基施处理较高,比对照显著增加57.44%;毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量以80%沼液配施较高,显著高出对照24.06%;与同浓度化肥处理相比,沼液处理的黄芪甲苷含量显著增加了74.47%,而毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷显著降低了42.16%。研究发现,合理的沼液浓度及施用方式能有效促进黄芪苗的生长、抗逆生理指标及药用有效成分含量的提高,并以80%沼液基施处理的黄芪苗生长更好,药用活性成分含量更高。     

多基因SNP位点及多种危险因素与老年汉族冠心病的关联分析

目的:探索老年冠心病多基因遗传易感性基础及相关的危险因素。方法:采用病例-对照研究方法,共入选老年汉族冠心病患者246例,非冠心病患者185例,纳入性别、年龄、吸烟,饮酒,高血压史、糖尿病史、高脂血症史、同型半胱氨酸、氨基末端脑钠肽前体、超敏C反应蛋白、抗凝血酶III、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白共15种危险因素与冠心病的关联性进行logistic回归分析。同时使用美国Sequenom高通量基因多态性分型技术研究了10种基因11个单核苷酸基因多态性(SNP)位点与冠心病的关联性。结果:15种危险因素中,发现增龄、高血压、抗凝血酶III(ATIII)下降是冠心病主要的危险因素,P<0.05。11个SNPs中3个SNP,血小板糖蛋白GP1BA rs2243093(-5T/C),血管紧张素转化酶ACE rs4332(547C/T)与ATIII rs2227589(893C/T)与老年汉族患者冠心病相关联。rs2243093(-5T/C)突变基因型CC与TT+AT比较,P=0.029(OR=3.41,CI:1.19-9.75);rs4332(547C/T)杂合型TC与CC+TT相比,P=0.003(OR=0.56,CI:0.38-0.82);rs2227589(893C/T),CT+CT与野生基因型CC相比较,P=0.003(OR=1.79,CI:1.22-2.63)。结论:增龄、抗凝血酶III下降、高血压是影响老年冠心病的主要危险因素,血小板、抗凝血系统、肾素-血管紧张素系统三种机制参与了老年冠心病的发生与发展。     

微波辅助提取荷叶生物碱条件的优化

对荷叶中主要生理活性物质生物碱的提取条件进行了初步研究,以稀盐酸水为溶剂结合微波照射浸渍提取,获得了较优化的提取工艺,即用pH2.5 HCl、微波辅助处理2.5 min、固液比1:40、提取温度90℃、提取时间3 h,可得荷叶生物碱量172.63μg.g-1。     

中国特产雉类—褐马鸡,藏马鸡和蓝马鸡卵壳的电镜观察

迄今为止,在国内有关野生鸟类卵壳的超微结构报道尚少。我们对中国特产鸡类——三种马鸡卵壳的表皮、气孔、木栅层、锥体层、乳头结、壳膜和基帽进行了扫描巨镜观察,并对结果进行了比较、讨论。认为三种马鸡不同结构的形态,对研究它们的亲缘关系提供了新的价值。     

枸杞脱落酸生物合成关键酶基因NCED的克隆及表达分析

脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)对植物的生长发育具有独特的调控功能,并在植物适应逆境环境中发挥重要作用。9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)是高等植物中ABA生物合成途径的一个关键酶。根据GenBank中的植物NCED基因的同源序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR及RACE技术从枸杞叶片中克隆到1个编码NCED的基因,命名为LbNCED。其cDNA全长为2316 bp,含有1个1824 bp的开放阅读框,编码1个含607氨基酸残基,分子量为67.38 kDa、等电点(pI)为6.43的假定蛋白,其氨基酸序列与番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)和马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)的同源性达90%,在N-末端具有1个含15个氨基酸的叶绿体转运肽。Southern杂交结果表明,该基因在枸杞基因组中以低拷贝形式存在。盐处理和脱水处理的枸杞叶片中LbNCED基因的表达与内源ABA的积累同步变化。     

高温影响番茄小孢子发育的细胞学研究

以番茄‘Micro-Tom’为材料,利用形态观察、DAPI染色、石蜡切片等方法对正常情况下番茄小孢子发生过程进行时期划分.通过连续7d的高温胁迫((35±1)℃/(30±1)℃)处理试验,结合细胞学观察,研究高温对番茄花粉小孢子发育的影响.研究表明,高温胁迫不仅导致花粉畸形或败育、花粉数量减少、活力低萌发力差,而且还导致花药绒毡层、药隔组织、药室内壁、花药表皮、环状细胞簇等花药细胞结构的发育异常.结果有助于阐明热胁迫对番茄小孢子发育的影响,并为培育耐高温农作物新品种提供思路.     

棕色固氮菌突变种UW45的固氮酶钼铁蛋白（NifB-Av1）结晶

经两次DE52和Sephacryl s一300柱层析,从棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变利UW45粗提液(37 677mg蛋白)中纯化得到628 mg的NifB^-Av1。经考马斯亮蓝R-250染色的SDS凝胶电泳分析表明,该蛋白基本达到SDS凝胶电泳纯,组成它的亚单位的种类与Av1(α和β亚单位)相似。NifB^-Av1不能与NifB^-Av2重组成具放氢活性的固氮酶,但可使与其保温重组的FeMoco显出高活性。在合适条件下,NifB^-Av1可在结晶溶液中析出棕色短斜四棱柱晶体,目前所得最大晶体的二维边长均为0．1mm。能否出现晶体以及出晶时间、晶体数目、大小、质量和形状等,与沉淀剂溶液各组分的种类和浓度、结晶方法、实验操作等因素密切相关。初步结果表明,所得晶体为NifB^-AV1单晶。     

Development of mechanistically based model for simulating soluble microbial products generation in an aerated/non-aerated SBR

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are considered as the main organic components in wastewater treatment plant effluent from biological wastewater treatment systems. To investigate and explore SMP metabolism pathway for further treatment and control, two innovative mechanistically based activated sludge models were developed by extension of activated sludge model no.3 (ASM3). One was the model by combining SMP formation and degradation (ASM3-SMP model) processes with ASM3, and the other by combining both SMP and simultaneous substrate storage and growth (SSSG) mechanisms with ASM3 (SSSG-ASM3-SMP model). The detailed schematic modification and process supplements were introduced for comprehensively understanding all the mechanisms involved in the activated sludge process. The evaluations of these two models were demonstrated by a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated under aerated/non-aerated conditions. The simulated and measured results indicated that SMP comprised about 83% of total soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in which biomass-associated products (BAPs) were predominant compared with utilization-associated products (UAPs). It also elucidated that there should be a minimum SMP value as the reactive time increases continuously and this conclusion could be used to optimize effluent SCOD in activated sludge processes. The comparative results among ASM3, ASM3-SMP and SSSG-ASM3-SMP models and the experimental measurements (SCOD, ammonia and nitrate nitrogen) showed clearly the best agreement with SSSG-ASM3-SMP simulation values (R = 0.993), strongly suggesting that both SMP formation and degradation and SSSG mechanisms are necessary in biologically activated sludge modeling for municipal wastewater treatment.     

颈动脉窦部支架置入术中血压和心率的精细化管理

目的:探讨颈动脉窦部支架置入术中血压、心率的精细化管理,以减少心血管并发症,提高手术成功率.方法:对2009年6月-2010年3月间行颈动脉窦部狭窄支架置入术的59例患者,通过制定精细化的护理措施,从认知、心理、行为等方面进行护理干预,充分作好预见性准备,建立血压、心率波动曲线图,及时发现术中心率、血压的变化,把握给药时机,有效预防和控制心血管并发症.结果:通过良好的精细化管理措施,术中有心率减慢6例、血压降低4例、血压升高2例,因发现及时,给予对症处理后恢复正常,其余患者顺利完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生.结论:加强窦部支架置入术中心率、血压的精细化管理,是保证病人安全的有力措施,对手术的顺利进行具有重要的指导意义.     

Genetic and alkaloid analysis of Menispermum dauricum DC. by RAPD and HPLC

The aim of the present work was to determine whether dauricine could be used as a taxonomic marker for Menispermum dauricum DC., and to explore the correlation among RAPD, ecological markers and chemical markers. To this end, the chemical and genetic differences of 173 individual samples of M. dauricum from nine different sources were studied based on the relevant ecological factors including longitude, latitude, annual precipitation, mean temperature, annual accumulated temperature and mean sea level. The contents of dauricine in the sample rhizomes were assayed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. The leaves from the same sample were assayed using randomly amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD). The genetic distances were then compared. Hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis. The results indicated that the contents of dauricine were respectively correlated with the genetic distance (r = 1.000), longitude (r = 0.849), latitude (r = 0.861), annual precipitation (r = 0.903), mean temperature(r = 0.912), annual accumulated temperature (r = 0.919) and mean sea level (r = 0.925). It is concluded that the content of dauricine in M. dauricum is significantly correlated with genetic distance and ecological factors, and may be used as the taxonomic marker.