外泌体源性miRNAs在肺癌发生发展中的作用

外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡.外泌体通过释放其内的生物活性大分子,比如微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)到受体细胞,从而介导细胞间交流通讯. MiRNAs作为一类主要在转录后水平负向调控靶mRNAs的非编码RNAs,其在外泌体中含量最为丰富.在肺癌中,miRNAs经肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体转运释放而发挥重要的作用.本文主要讨论了外泌体源性miRNAs在肺癌发生发展的各个阶段,包括血管生成、细胞增殖、侵袭转移、免疫逃逸、耐药等方面的作用,以及其在作为新型肺癌诊断和预后标志物方面的临床价值.     

Identification of oogonial stem cells in chicken ovary

ObjectivesOogonial stem cells (OSCs) are germ cells that can sustain neo‐oogenesis to replenish the pool of primary follicles in adult ovaries. In lower vertebrates, fresh oocytes are produced by numerous OSCs through mitosis and meiosis during each reproduction cycle, but the OSCs in adult mammals are rare. The birds have retained many conserved features and developed unique features of ovarian physiology during evolution, and the presence of OSCs within avian species remain unknown.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we investigated the existence and function of OSCs in adult chickens. The chicken OSCs were isolated and expanded in culture. We then used cell transplantation system to evaluate their potential for migration and differentiation in vivo.ResultsDDX4/SSEA1‐positive OSCs were identified in both the cortex and medulla of the adult chicken ovary. These putative OSCs undergo meiosis in the reproductively active ovary. Furthermore, the isolated OSCs were expanded in vitro for months and found to express germline markers similar to those of primordial germ cells. When transplanted into the bloodstream of recipient embryos, these OSCs efficiently migrated into developing gonads, initiated meiosis, and then derived oocytes in postnatal ovaries.ConclusionsThis study has confirmed the presence of functional OSCs in birds for the first time. The identification of chicken OSCs has great potential for improving egg laying and preserving endangered species.

The oogonial stem cells (OSCs) could support the formation of new oocytes in the adult ovary. The DDX4/SSEA1‐positive OSCs in chicken ovaries could be isolated and expanded in vitro while maintaining germline stemness. When transplanted into the developing ovaries, the chicken OSCs can proliferate and enter meiosis to produce oocytes. The chicken OSCs could offer new ways for improving egg laying performance and species conservation.     

甘蔗茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

为研究甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性,该文对甘蔗茎叶以甲醇提取,提取物采用柱色谱(SiO₂、Sephadex LH-20、Rp-18)进行分离纯化,根据质谱和核磁共振技术鉴定所得化合物的结构,并通过DPPH法测定化合物的清除自由基能力。结果表明:(1)从甘蔗茎叶部位共分离鉴定22个化合物,分别为对羟基苯甲醛(1)、对甲氧基桂皮酸(2)、4-甲氧基苯甲醛(3)、香草醛(4)、4-羟基肉桂酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯甲酸(6)、(2-羟基苯基)(苯基)甲酮(7)、对甲基苯甲酸(8)、咖啡酸甲酯(9)、乌头酸A(10)、乌头酸E(11)、5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸(12)、槲皮素(13)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(14)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(15)、硫代二丙酸双十八烷基酯(16)、α-conidendrin(17)、rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin(18)、3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(19)、木犀草素(20)、(5S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-3,8,10-trihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-2, 4-dimethoxy-7H-benzo [c]xanthen-7-one)(21)和5-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(22),其中化合物2-3、7-11、14-19、21-22为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)通过DPPH法对含量大的15个化合物(1-9、11-16)进行自由基清除能力的筛选,其中化合物12(5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸)显示了较好的抗氧化活性(IC₅₀值为 49.58 μg·mL^-1)。该研究结果丰富了甘蔗抗氧化活性物质基础,为其进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

植物鲜嫩组织电阻的构成

用高渗溶液处理植物鲜嫩组织,R_t增至对照的3～4倍,用电导率不同的营养液浸泡被测组织,发现R_t值并不依赖于环境溶液的电导率。在利用胞外电极和直流电测量R_t时,施加于组织的电流约有75～90％是流经共质体的。R_t主要是反映了共质体的电导状况,即反映了膜透性的大小和细胞间电偶联的程度。     

增殖细胞核抗原蛋白在Spodoptera frugiperda昆虫细胞中的表达及纯化

目的:利用昆虫细胞表达系统生产重组的人增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA),并进行纯化和抗体结合特性鉴定。方法:以HeLa细胞逆转录的cDNA为模板,扩增人PCNA基因,并插入杆状病毒载体AcMNPV。利用昆虫细胞得到PCNA基因的重组杆状病毒。病毒感染细胞表达蛋白,联合镍柱亲和层析和离子交换层析获得高纯度的重组人PCNA蛋白。ELISA法测定抗体结合特异性。结果:以HeLa细胞cDNA为模板得到的基因序列同GenBank的人PCNA基因序列一致。草地贪夜蛾细胞(Spodoptera frugiperda,Sf9)表达重组人PCNA(recombinant human PCNA,rPCNA)的最佳感染值(MOI)和感染时间分别为0.05h和144h。rPCNA的产量高达110mg/L细胞,纯度95%。间接ELISA法检测抗体结合特性,rPCNA的敏感性和特异性分别为93.3%和85.0%。结论:建立了rPCNA的表达和纯化方法,获得了高效表达、高度抗体结合特异性的PCNA蛋白,该蛋白质能进一步开发为PCNA相关疾病的体外诊断试剂盒,具较大的应用价值。     

植物甾醇生理功能的线粒体调控机制

植物甾醇是一类在植物中广泛存在的生物活性物质,在食品、医药、化妆品等领域具有广阔应用前景.植物甾醇作为胆固醇类似物可抑制胆固醇肠道吸收进而降低血液中胆固醇水平、降低心血管疾病风险;此外,植物甾醇还具有抑癌、抗炎退热、抗氧化和类激素等多种功能.从亚细胞及分子水平深入探究植物甾醇的生物作用机制有助于充分开发植物甾醇的应用价值.线粒体是细胞能量物质代谢最重要的场所,胆固醇代谢、癌细胞增殖与凋亡、氧化应激和炎症反应等都与线粒体功能密切相关.近年来研究提示植物甾醇可在多种模型中调控线粒体功能,这可能是植物甾醇发挥各种生物学功能的重要潜在机制.本文将首先整理归纳植物甾醇生物学功能,并在此基础上详细讨论其线粒体相关调控机制,以期为领域内基础研究者提供前沿思路和进展报告,并为植物甾醇的应用提供参考依据.     

Regulating role of acetylcholine and its antagonists in inward rectified K+ channels from guard cell protoplasts of Vicia faba

The inward rectified potassium current of Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts treated with acetylcholine (ACh) or the antagonists of its receptors were recorded by employing the patch clamp technique. The results show that ACh at lower concentrations increases the inward K+ current, in contrast, ACh at higher concentrations inhibits it. Treated with d-Tubocurarine (d-Tub), an antagonist of the nicotine ACh receptor (nAChR) inhibits the inward K+ current by 30%. Treated with atropine (Atr), an antagonist of the muscarine (Mus) ACh receptor (mAChR) also inhibits it by 36%.However,if guard cell protoplasts are treated with d-Tub and Atr together, the inward K+ current is inhibited by 60%-75%. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), a strong inhibitor of K+ channels has no effect on the inward K+ current regulated by ACh, suggesting that there are inward K+ channels modulated by AChRs on the membrane of the guard cell protoplasts. These data demonstrate an ACh-regulated mechanism for stomatal movement.     

中国断脉赤眼蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：赤眼蜂科）

断脉赤眼蜂属Mirufens系Girault 1915年以M.dentipes作为属的模式种建立的。迄今全世界已知有11种,分布于澳大利亚、印度、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、欧洲及中国。该属的主要特征:雌虫触角由9节组成,其结构式为:柄节:梗节:环状节:索节:棒状节=1:1:2:2:3。雄虫触角10节,比雌虫触角末端多1小节,其索节及棒状节具有轮生的长毛,与雌性明显不同。前翅宽阔,翅端圆,缘毛短,缘脉与翅的前缘紧接或分离,缘前脉与缘脉之间有一明显的断裂痕。前足胫节外缘具有一行齿列。此属在中国仅知台湾省有1未定名种(林桂瑞,1981),大陆地区尚无分布记录。本文报道采自辽宁沈阳的断脉赤眼蜂属1新种。模式标本存于沈阳农业大学昆虫标本室。