稀有稻种长毛谷的民族植物学及营养成分研究

长毛谷(Changmaogu/Oryza sativa)是云南省兰坪白族普米族自治县白族支系拉玛人传统栽植的一个特有的有色稻种，是我国农家品种的典型代表，处于稀有濒危状态，但对该品种的研究较少。为促进长毛谷保护及可持续利用，该研究利用民族植物学及营养学的方法，对兰坪当地有关长毛谷品质特征、传统知识与文化、开发利用现状及存在的问题进行了调查和分析，并测定稀有农家品种长毛谷的营养成分，与普通常见稻种的营养成分进行对比，探究长毛谷的营养价值。结果表明：(1)长毛谷产地的白族支系拉玛人积累了丰富的关于长毛谷的传统知识和文化，包括传统耕作知识、相关历史典故、传统食用知识和种子的交换及保存文化。(2)长毛谷具有高含量的可利用碳水化合物、水分、灰分、总膳食纤维和花青素且含有一定量的原花青素，表明长毛谷具有较高的营养保健价值。综上认为，长毛谷的原生境保护模式可为其他农家品种的保护提供科学参考，有利于长毛谷等农家品种的可持续利用。     

Environmental risk factors associated with West Nile virus clinical disease in Florida horses

The objective of this study was to examine the extrinsic risk factors of West Nile virus (WNV) clinical disease in Florida horses as established from confirmed and negative horses tested within the state from 2001 to 2003. An Arboviral Case Information Form (ACF) was submitted by a referring veterinarian at the time of testing to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services on every horse suspected of a viral encephalitis in Florida. A follow‐up survey that focused on arbovirus prevention and farm ecology was created and mailed to the owner of each tested horse. Data from the follow‐up survey indicated peak WNV prevalence in the late summer months in Florida. Quarter horses were the most commonly affected breed. The WNV vaccine was highly protective and natural water on the property also had a protective association. Factors that increased the risk of WNV to horses were the use of fans and a stable construction of solid wood or cement. Some risk indicators were dead birds on the property and other ill animals on the property. Data from this retrospective study have helped identify factors associated with WNV transmission in equines in Florida. Horses that have not been vaccinated and show clinical signs of arboviral infection from June to November should be tested for WNV. Horses that have been vaccinated and show clinical signs should be tested when the vaccination was administered within 1 month or greater than 6 months prior to the onset of clinical symptoms associated with WN infection.     

村落风水林助力山地乡村生物多样性保护——以金钱松为例

金钱松是中国最具国际影响力的古老孑遗植物之一,其面临生境破碎化、种群分散以及个体数量减少的种种威胁。幸运的是,已有研究指出村落风水林为金钱松自然种群提供了庇护,然而,村落风水林到底如何发挥保护效用,尚待深入探索。因此,该研究通过野外调查和社区访谈的方法对所有金钱松自然种群的更新现状、保护行为和干扰程度进行全面调查,并以林家塘村金钱松自然种群为例揭示金钱松村落风水林保护和管理模式。结果表明:(1)相较于其他生境类型,村落风水林生境中金钱松自然种群径级结构连续,幼苗密度较高;(2)水口林、墓地林和阳基树承载的风水与禁忌文化是村落风水林能够有效保护金钱松自然种群的内在原因;(3)新时代乡村旅游业的发展进一步促进了村民对金钱松村落风水林的保护。综上所述,在乡村振兴背景下,基于风水和禁忌文化的村落风水林保护和管理模式是金钱松自然种群保护的绝佳模式。     

微波高温灭活及自体髂骨异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复治疗长骨骨巨细胞瘤骨缺损

目的：探讨微波高温灭活及自体髂骨、异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复骨巨细胞瘤病灶刮除后骨缺损的临床应用效果。方法：应用原位分离插入式微波天线高温灭活技术,自体髂骨、异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复21例长骨骨巨细胞瘤术后骨缺损,从手术技术、肿瘤复发情况、肢体关节功能等方面全面综合评价此方法临床应用效果。结果：21例患者均获得骨性愈合,无骨折及内固定断裂发生,2例复发,复发率9.8%;肢体关节功能优18例（85.7%）、良3例（14.3%）、中差0例。结论：微波高温能彻底杀灭肿瘤组织降低复发率,自体髂骨保证与近关节软骨下骨愈合,异体骨粒复合骨水泥能良好充填残余瘤腔、且具有良好的生物力学性能,以防发生关节软骨面塌陷。     

三种药液湿敷治疗多巴胺所致静脉炎的临床疗效比较

目的：通过三种药液外敷治疗经外周静脉输入或泵入多巴胺所引起的静脉炎的效果比较,总结出效果最佳的药液。方法：选择因长期静脉应用多巴胺,使用外周静脉留置针,并发静脉炎Ⅰ度或Ⅱ度的患者120例,随机分为三组,分别用50%硫酸镁注射液、10%硝酸甘油溶液、10%酚妥拉明溶液湿敷,每组40例,在湿敷后的1天,3天,7天观察静脉炎消退情况。结果：三种药液湿敷后的第3天在治疗效果方面有显著差异,且10%硝酸甘油溶液的治疗效果比较好,优于其它两种药物（P〈0.017）。结论：10%硝酸甘油溶液湿敷对多巴胺所致静脉炎的治疗效果明显,值得临床推广。     

微波高温灭活及自体髂骨异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复 治疗长骨骨巨细胞瘤骨缺损

目的:探讨微波高温灭活及自体髂骨、异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复骨巨细胞瘤病灶刮除后骨缺损的临床应用效果。方法:应用原位分离插入式微波天线高温灭活技术,自体髂骨、异体骨粒复合骨水泥修复21例长骨骨巨细胞瘤术后骨缺损,从手术技术、肿瘤复发情况、肢体关节功能等方面全面综合评价此方法临床应用效果。结果:21例患者均获得骨性愈合,无骨折及内固定断裂发生,2例复发,复发率9.8%;肢体关节功能优18例(85.7%)、良3例(14.3%)、中差0例。结论:微波高温能彻底杀灭肿瘤组织降低复发率,自体髂骨保证与近关节软骨下骨愈合,异体骨粒复合骨水泥能良好充填残余瘤腔、且具有良好的生物力学性能,以防发生关节软骨面塌陷。     

比较MoCA和MMSE在卒中后认知功能筛查中的应用

目的:比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)和简易智能量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)在急性缺血性脑卒中后认知损害筛查中的应用。方法:对65例缺血性脑卒中患者在发病14天内应用简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA进行神经心理评估。其中12例患者在发病3-6个月后应用MMSE、MoCA和神经心理成套测验进行神经心理评估。以MMSE<23分、MoCA<21为分界值,受教育年限小于12年加1分,文盲加2分。结果:MMSE的平均分值为25.2±4.3,MoCA的平均分值为18.6±5.7。37例患者MoCA评分显示有认知损害,但其中19例患者(29%)MMSE评分显示正常。28例MoCA评估显示认知正常的患者的MMSE评分均显示认知正常。视空间与执行功能、注意和语言重复测试受损最常见,定向和命名受损较少。在3-6个月的随访期内,12例患者中1例诊断为血管性痴呆患者的MoCA的分值上升1分,MMSE分值无变化;5例认知正常患者、3例轻度认知损害无痴呆的患者和3例中度认知损害无痴呆的患者MMSE和MoCA平均分值均有不同程度的上升,视空间与执行功能平均得分值在2次检测中无明显变化。结论:MoCA较MMSE检出血管性认知功能障碍患者敏感性更高,对认知变化更为敏感。     

A lethal ovitrap‐based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in Australia: I. Public acceptability and performance of lethal ovitraps

We report on the first field evaluation of the public acceptability and performance of two types of lethal ovitrap (LO) in three separate trials in Cairns, Australia. Health workers were able to set standard lethal ovitraps (SLOs) in 75 and 71% of premise yards in the wet and dry season, respectively, and biodegradable lethal ovitraps (BLOs) in 93% of yards. Public acceptance, measured as retention of traps by residents, was high for both trap types, with <9% of traps missing after 4 weeks. Traps retaining water after 4 weeks were 78 and 34% for the two SLO trials and 58% for the BLOs. The ‘failure rate’ in the 535 BLOs set in the field for 4 weeks was 47%, of which 19% were lost, 51% had holes from probable insect chewing, 23% were knocked over, 7% had dried by evaporation and 1% were split. There was no significant difference in the failure rate of BLOs set on porous (grass, soil and mulch) versus solid (tiles, concrete, wood and stone) substrates. The SLOs and the BLOs were readily acceptable to ovipositing Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae); the mean number of eggs/trap was 6 and 15, for the dry season and wet season SLO trial, respectively, and 15 for the BLO wet season trial. Indeed, 84–94% of premise yards had egg positive SLOs or BLOs. A high percentage of both wet and dry season SLOs (29 and 70%, respectively) and BLOs (62%) that were dry after 4 weeks were egg positive, indicating the traps had functioned. Lethal strips from SLOs and BLOs that had been exposed for 4 weeks killed 83 and 74%, respectively, of gravid Ae. aegypti in laboratory assays. These results indicate that mass trapping schemes using SLOs and BLOs are not rejected by the public and effectively target gravid Ae. aegypti. The impact of the interventions on mosquito populations is described in a companion paper.