Chilling stress and oxygen metabolizing enzymes in Zea mays and Zea diploperennis*

Abstract. The activities of five active-oxygen scavenging enzymes were compared for cold-lability and three were compared for chilling induction in two Zea genotypes of contrasting susceptibility to photoinhibition during chilling. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GTR, EC 1.6.4.2) in leaf extracts from plants grown without chilling stress were assayed at 19°C and 5°C. Enzymes from the chilling-susceptible Z. Mays cv. LG11 had lower specific activities at 5°C than did enzymes from the chilling-tolerant Z. diploperennis, except for MDHAR where no significant differences were observed. The activities of SOD and APX from Z. diploperennis were double those of Z. mays at both assay temperatures. Monodehydroa-scrobate reductase and glutathione reductase activities in both species were reduced by 63–78% at a 5°C assay temperature. The dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) showed the greatest low-temperature lability losing 96% (Z. diploperennis) and 100% (Z. mays) of its activity at 5°C. To examine possible chilling-induced changes in levels of enzyme activity, plants of both Zea genotypes were transferred to growth chambers at 10°C at moderate light intensities. Glutathione reductase activity was found to increase within 24h in Z. diploperennis, but it decreased slightly in Z. mays. MDHAR activity decreased by 50% in Z. diploperennis but showed only a transient increase in activity in Z. mays.     

EXTRACTION,ASSAY AND SOME PROPERTIES OF FLORIDOSIDE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE FROM PORPHYRA PERFORATA (RHODOPHYTA)1

A suitable method for extraction of floridoside phosphate synthase (FPS, UDP-galactose: sn-3-glycerol phosphate: 1→2′α-D-galactosyl transferase)from Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was developed. Two assay methods for enzyme activity were utilized, one measuring the amount of floridoside formed by using gas-liquid chromatography, the other measuring the sn-3-glycerol phosphate-dependent formation of UDP; both assays gave similar results. FPS is a soluble protein, and FPS activity in the extract as determined by the amount of product formed in vitro compared well with the in vivo rate of floridoside synthesis (4–7 μMmol product formed·h^?1·g^?1 fresh wt). The rate of product formation in vitro was linear up to 45 min and proportional to protein concentration in the assay mixture. The temperature optimum was 30–35° C. FPS was active over a range of pH values from 7.0–8.5. It was stable in concentrated solutions in the presence of 0.3 M ammonium sulfate, but activity was lost in diluted solution (protein concentration below 0.2 mg·mL^?1) or below 0.2 M ion strength. The data suggest that FPS may be an oligomeric protein which occurs free in the cytoplasm or loosely bound to a membrane. It may also be a regulatory protein controlling the overall rate of synthesis of floridoside in vivo.     

一例智力低下患者7q~ 标记染色体的来源鉴定

以人类染色体显微切割、PCR技术构建的现有人类染色体特异性和染色体区带特异性探针池作为绘画探针,采用正向染色体绘画技术,结合染色体筛查方法,查明了一例7q~ 标记染色体患者的染色体附加片段来源于3q26→3qter。确定该患者的核型为46,XX,-7, der(7)t(7;3)(7pter→7q32::3q26→3qter)。应用这个策略,能够快速有效地鉴定标记染色体的来源。     

参与细胞增殖调控的多功能分子p21

p21是近年来发现的一类调控细胞增殖的小分子,是依赖周期素的CDK抑制因子.这些蛋白因子可结合cyclin－CDK并抑制其激酶活性从而调节细胞周期p15、p16、p27均属该类分子,他们在G₁期限制点及G₁／S检查点调控中发挥作用．进一步的研究表明,p21为p53调控,在p53介导的DNA损伤诱发的细胞周期阻断中发挥作用p21在老化细胞中高表达、细胞分化的同时表达,表明其在细胞增殖、分化及老化中发挥调节作用．     

异色瓢虫若虫对麦三叉蚜的捕食作用

研究表明,异色瓢虫高龄若虫捕食麦二叉蚜的功能反应为ＨｏｌｌｉｎｇⅡ型反应,喜好捕食低龄若蚜;在４０℃下捕食率最低,１０℃次之,２５℃最高．在１０～２５℃内捕食率ｙ与温度ｘ的关系为ｙ＝２８．１３０３＋２．６６６５ｘ,在２５～４０℃内为ｙ＝１９９．９２７５－３．６４２ｘ;在种内干扰条件下,其捕食作用率Ｅ与开敌密度Ｐ的关系为Ｅ＝０．６８９７Ｐ－０．７９３０,搜索常数Ｑ为０．６８９７,干扰系数ｍ为０．７９３０;其分摊竞争强度Ｉ与异色瓢虫密度Ｐ的关系为Ｉ＝０．０４００＋１．０３８３ｌｏｇＰ．     

Assessing post-induction cellular response in a recombinant E. coli lactose-inducible system by monitoring β-galactosidase levels

Summary A synthetic lactose-inducible promoter was chosen to study host cell responses to the over-expression of heterologous genes. Fermentations were conducted to compare the effect of induction strategies on the synthesis of -galactosidase versus the production of recombinant protein. The levels of lactose, IPTG and glucose during induction were manipulated to adjust the utilization of lactose as the inducer and/or the carbon source. In addition, the involvement of the gal operon in lactose metabolism was also explored in order to optimize lactose transport and utilization during induction.     

母兔配种后10小时血清中若干生理指标与子代性比的相关

测定日本大耳白兔母兔配种后１０小时血清中的１０项生理指标,并与母兔所产每窝仔兔的性比（雄性个体所占比率）进行对应分析（窝仔数＜６的数据未参与此项分析）。结果表明：母兔血清中ＦＳＨ、Ｔ（睾酮）、 Ｎａ＋和Ｍ２＋的浓度在高、低两个性比组间有显著差异, Ｔ３（三碘甲状腺原氨酸）的差异接近显著水平（Ｐ＜０．１）;并且,ＦＳＨ和Ｔ３与子代性比里显著负相关（ｒ分别为－０．５０和－０．４６）,Ｍｇ２＋与子代性比里显著正相关（ｒ＝０．３９）;同时,Ｍｇ２＋／Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋×Ｎａ＋、Ｍｇ２＋×Ｋ＋和Ｔ３×ＦＳＨ与子代性比的相关分别为０．４０、０．４３、０．３９和－０．５３（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

革胡子鲇上颌须离体标本味觉反应的测定

本实验采用革胡子鲇离体上颌须－传入神经标本,记录传入神经电活动,测定了须部味蕾对动物组织浸提液、氨基酸、酸盐化合物等多种化学刺激的反应。发现某些物质有较强的刺激作用。另外,机械刺激也引起较强的反应。分析传入神经单纤维的记录结果,可将化学刺激引起的味觉反应分为３种单元类型：（１）对精氨酸特别敏感;（２）对柠檬酸和氯化胺有较强的反应;（３）对多种刺激都有一定的反应。实验表明,革胡子鲇的须部味蕾可能是一