全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39382篇 |
免费 | 3665篇 |
国内免费 | 3262篇 |
专业分类
46309篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 104篇 |
2023年 | 484篇 |
2022年 | 943篇 |
2021年 | 1530篇 |
2020年 | 1139篇 |
2019年 | 1391篇 |
2018年 | 1341篇 |
2017年 | 960篇 |
2016年 | 1399篇 |
2015年 | 2320篇 |
2014年 | 2595篇 |
2013年 | 2846篇 |
2012年 | 3518篇 |
2011年 | 3263篇 |
2010年 | 2010篇 |
2009年 | 1810篇 |
2008年 | 2227篇 |
2007年 | 1972篇 |
2006年 | 1780篇 |
2005年 | 1526篇 |
2004年 | 1402篇 |
2003年 | 1248篇 |
2002年 | 1119篇 |
2001年 | 906篇 |
2000年 | 790篇 |
1999年 | 706篇 |
1998年 | 394篇 |
1997年 | 361篇 |
1996年 | 329篇 |
1995年 | 277篇 |
1994年 | 292篇 |
1993年 | 192篇 |
1992年 | 343篇 |
1991年 | 317篇 |
1990年 | 257篇 |
1989年 | 239篇 |
1988年 | 206篇 |
1987年 | 166篇 |
1986年 | 152篇 |
1985年 | 160篇 |
1984年 | 145篇 |
1983年 | 113篇 |
1982年 | 94篇 |
1981年 | 63篇 |
1979年 | 81篇 |
1978年 | 78篇 |
1977年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 71篇 |
1975年 | 68篇 |
1974年 | 81篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
为探讨新的豆类凝集素(Flt3 receptor-interacting lectin,FRIL)体外维持脐血CD34^ 细胞的作用以及维持过程中细胞周期调控基因HTm4及HTm4S mRNA的表达及意义,我们利用FRIL维持培养脐血CD34^ 细胞,对其增殖曲线、细胞周期及集落形成能力进行常规分析,并用半定量RT—PCR法分别测定FRIL体外维持不同时间后脐血CD34^ 细胞中周期调控基因HTm4及HTm4S mRNA的表达变化。结果显示,FRIL培养的CD34^ 造血干/祖细胞的增殖趋势平缓,整个培养期间细胞增殖倍数不超过起始的3倍:14d之前,FRIL培养细胞的高增殖潜能集落形成细胞(HPP—CFC)形成集落数与FL组无差别,其后则维持高于FL的情况。细胞周期分析则显示,在28d的培养过程内,利用FRIL培养的细胞始终有80%以上维持在G0期;而周期调控基因HTm4及HTm4S在刚分离的脐血CD34^ 细胞中的表达水平较高;但培养1d后,几乎检测不到HTm4基因的表达;培养3~14d,该基因的表达回升并持续维持在高水平。而HTm4S基因的表达在第7d达最高水平,其余时间基本呈稳定表达。转染HTm4和HTm4S,亚细胞定位结果显示HTm4主要定位于核周围,而HTm4S则定位于整个胞浆,由此可能导致它们功能的区别。以上结果提示,长期培养体现出FRIL在维持造血干/祖细胞多能性上的优势;细胞周期调控基因HTm4及其新剪接子参与了FRIL体外长期维持脐血造血干/祖细胞处于静息状态的过程。 相似文献
92.
Li W Tian H Li L Li S Yue W Chen Z Qi L Hu W Zhu Y Hao B Gao C Si L Gao F 《生物化学与生物物理学报(英文版)》2012,44(7):577-583
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality all over the world. In recent years, pulmonary adenocarcinoma has surpassed squamous cell carcinoma in frequency and is the predominant form of lung cancer in many countries. Epidemiological investigations have shown an inverse relationship between garlic (Allium sativum) consumption and death rate from many cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is one of the garlic-derived compounds (also known as: organosulfer compounds, OSC). DATS can induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of many cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the apoptotic incidents induced by DATS were a mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade through a significant decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 that resulted in up-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Eventually, DATS induced the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, by establishing an animal model of female BALB/c nude mice with A549 xenografts, we found that oral gavage of DATS significantly retarded growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice without causing weight loss or any other side effects compared with the control group. All the evidence both in vitro and in vivo suggested that DATS could be an ideal anti-cancer drug. 相似文献
93.
C. M. Lin S. D. Kung 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(3):213-218
Summary Using the existing restriction map and probes from wheat and pea ct-DNA, seven protein genes have been localized in the chloroplast genome of N. tabacum. On the clock-like map, the location of each gene is indicated by its time zone: the 15.2 kD polypeptide of the cytochrome b/f complex at 315, cytochrome f at 430, LS of RuBPCase at 450, both and subunits of ATP synthase at or near 500, proton-translocating subunit of ATP synthase at 820, subunit of ATP synthase at 840 and the 32 kD protein at 930. The genome organization of Nicotiana chloroplast DNA is similar to spinach. 相似文献
94.
Lee JC Won SJ Chao CL Wu FL Liu HS Ling P Lin CN Su CL 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,372(1):236-242
Morusin is a pure compound isolated from root bark of Morusaustralis (Moraceae). In this study, we demonstrated that morusin significantly inhibited the growth and clonogenicity of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells. Apoptosis induced by morusin was characterized by accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase, fragmentation of DNA, and condensation of chromatin. Morusin also inhibited the phosphorylation of IKK-α, IKK-β and IκB-α, increased expression of IκB-α, and suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its DNA binding activity. Dephosphorylation of NF-κB upstream regulators PI3K, Akt and PDK1 was also displayed. In addition, activation of caspase-8, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed at the early time point. Downregulation in the expression of Ku70 and XIAP was exhibited afterward. Caspase-8 or wide-ranging caspase inhibitor suppressed morusin-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of morusin in HT-29 cells may be via activation of caspases and inhibition of NF-κB. 相似文献
95.
96.
Combination of bone tissue engineering and BMP-2 gene transfection promotes bone healing in osteoporotic rats 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a feasible approach to promote bone healing in osteoporotic rats using autogenous bone tissue-engineering and gene transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP-2). METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from the left tibia of osteoporotic rats were transfected with the hBMP-2 gene in vitro which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Western blotting. Autogenous transfected or untransfected BMSCs were seeded on macroporous coral hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds. Each cell-scaffold construct was implanted into a defect site which was created in the ramus of the mandible of osteoporotic rats. Four or eight weeks after implantation in situ hybridization was performed in BMSCs transfected with hBMP-2, X-ray examinations, histological and histomorphological analyses were used to evaluate the effect of tissue-engineered bone on osseous defect repair. RESULTS: Newly formed bone was observed at the margin of the defect 4 weeks after implantation with BMSCs transfected with BMP-2. Mature bone was observed 8 weeks after treatment. In the control group there was considerably less new bone and some adipose tissue was observed at the defect margins 8 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous cells transfected with hBMP-2 promote bone formation in osteoporotic rats. BMSC-mediated BMP-2 gene therapy used in conjunction with bone tissue engineering may be used to successfully treat bone defects in osteoporotic rats. This method provides a powerful tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering. 相似文献
97.
98.
单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
单穗升麻的雌蕊群由1~5枚离生心皮组成。子房单室,4~9枚倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心;大孢子四分体呈线形或T形排列,合点端一个具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。成熟胚囊中3个单核反足细胞,胞质浓密,在球形胚时期尚能观察到其退化痕迹。极核融合早,次生核位于合点端。胚胎发生为柳叶菜型;核型胚乳。雄蕊凋谢后1~2天花柱顶端腹缝线周围出现乳突细胞,雄蕊凋谢后3~5天延长成柱头毛。讨论了单穗升麻与南川升麻柱头可授期与花粉生活力的差异对传粉效果和结籽率的显著影响。 相似文献
99.
100.