Effect of stimulation of "emotiogenic" brain structures on pyramidal tract responses

In experiments with stimulation of emotiogenic zones (lateral and medial hypothalamus, raphe nuclei), as a conditioning agent, a study was made of summary responses of the pyramidal tract to electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in immobilized and freely moving rats. The responses exhibited a positive early direct P-component (mean latency 0.8 +/- 0.3 ms) and a late synaptic N-component (mean latency 1.8 +/- 0.5). Reduction of the N-component amplitude was observed during stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, and its enhancement during stimulation of the medial hypothalamus. Stimulation of the raphe nuclei produced variable, statistically non-significant changes. The experiments have shown that the identified pyramidal neurones tend to reciprocal reactions during stimulation of positive and negative emotiogenic structures. Inhibitory and excitatory influences of the respectively positive and negative emotiogenic structures on pyramidal neurones are due to indirect modulating actions on presynaptic structures.     

Ecological differentiation of resident Dolly Varden <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvelinus malma</Emphasis> (Salmonidae) from Lake Dal’nee,Kamchatka

Resident Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma of Lake Dal’nee (Paratunka River basin) is represented by two stable trophic groups: one group feeds on mainly amphipods while another on gastropods. The former group is dominantly infected by Cyathocephalus truncatus and Crepidostomum metoecus, whereas the latter group is infected with Crepidostomum farionis, Ichthyocotylurus erraticus, and Diplostomum spp. The fishes of the former group grow faster and defined by higher fat content of muscular tissue. In addition, they accumulate monoenic fatty acids in the muscles. The fishes of the latter group differ in a high content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the muscles. The amphipod foragers are characterized by a larger head with elongated upper jaw and comparatively short fins. A similar ecological differentiation is observed in the littoral benthivorous charrs from Lake Kronotskoe. The group feeding on amphipods was found in both lakes. In Lake Kronotskoe, the second group consumes the most abundant sedentary benthos, mollusks and chironomids.     

Preliminary data on variation of four microsatellite loci in Pacific herring <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clupea pallasii</Emphasis>

Variation of microsatellite loci Cpa110, Cpa113, Cpa4, and Cpa7 was for the first time examined in Pacific-type herring Clupea pallasii from the White Sea (Cl. pallasii marisalbi), the Kara Sea (Cl. pallasii suworowi), the Sea of Okhotsk, and Lake Nerpich’e, Kamchatka Bay, northwestern Pacific (Cl. pallasii pallasii). All loci exhibitedhigh genetic diversity. The estimates of expected heterozygosity varied from 41.5 to 95.6% (mean, 82%). The level of pairwise genetic differentiation F _st at all microsatellite loci varied from 0.005 to 0.076 (0.019, on average) and t was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in most of the pairs of herring samples. Estimates of genetic differentiation among the herring of one subspecies were lower than between the groups belonging to different subspecies.     

The distribution of Stichaeus ochriamkini Taranetz, 1935 (Pisces: Stichaeidae) in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan and some data on its biology

The distribution and biology of Stichaeus ochriamkini in the Peter the Great Bay was studied. Based on SCUBA diving observations and trawl catches, it was revealed that S. ochriamkini occurs at depths from 2 to 157 m, mostly on sand bottoms. The fish??s body length (TL) ranged from 20 to 162 mm. The juveniles (TL up to 60 mm) inhabited depths of 2?C9 m under water temperatures of 9.6?C22.0°C and the adults inhabited depths from 25 to 157 m at water temperatures of 1.1?C2.1°C. S. ochriamkini spawned in the Peter the Great Bay, probably in September?COctober.     

Tape blenny Neozoarces pulcher Steindachner, 1880 (Perciformes: Zoarcidae)—a sole valid species of the genus, its reproduction, and embryonal and larval development

On the basis of morphometric analysis of our collections of pairs of spawning fish of the genus Neozoarces, development of prolarvae of fish, and a survey of museum collections, a conclusion is made in respect to only one of the two species of the genus—tape blenny Neozoarces pulcher, Steindachner, 1880. Differences in morphometric characters and coloration of different fish are accounted for by a sharply expressed sexual dimorphism. The reproduction and the egg and prolarvae development in N. pulcher are described.     

The role of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in the generation of delayed electrical activity of smooth muscle cells

It was shown that electrogenic 3Na+/Ca2+ antiport evoked depolarization of the membranes and Ca2+ ions influx through Ca2+ activated channels which lead to the appearance of stable self-oscillation of the membrane potential (MP), as well as Na+ and Ca2+ ions intracellular concentrations.