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41.
D. F. Garvin A. H. D. Brown J. J. Burdon 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(8):1086-1091
A set of advanced backcross barley lines derived from crosses between cv Clipper and different Iranian and Turkish wild barleys,
which are homozygous for particular isozyme-marked donor intervals, was screened for resistance to barley scald. Eight lines
that consistently exhibited scald resistance were identified, and genetic analysis indicated that single dominant genes encoded
resistance in five of the lines, single recessive genes were present in two lines, and a pair of unlinked, dominant genes
encoded the resistance in the last line. Linkage between the scald-resistance gene and the isozyme marking the introgressed
donor chromosome interval was detected in four lines, allowing the chromosome locations of these resistance genes to be determined.
One such resistance gene resides on barley chromosome 5, to which no other scald-resistance genes have been mapped; this gene
has been designated Rrs14. A survey of the effectiveness of the eight resistance genes against a set of virulent pathotypes of the scald pathogen revealed
that four of the lines were completely resistant to all of them. In two instances, the recovery of more than one scald-resistance
gene from a single original donor parent could be demonstrated. These scald-resistance genes should provide additional opportunities
for breeding programs that aim to develop scald-resistant barley cultivars.
Received: 8 August 1996/Accepted: 27 September 1996 相似文献
42.
The effect of combining scald resistance genes on disease levels, yield and quality traits in barley
A. H. D. Brown J. J. Burdon D. F. Garvin D. C. Abbott B. J. Read 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(3):361-366
Pairwise combinations of genes for resistance to scald in barley were developed using linked isozyme markers to test whether such combinations conferred improved resistance to the pathogen, Rhynchosporium secalis. The resistance genes originally derived from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. The combinations were bred into an essentially similar genetic background because the scald-susceptible, Australian barley cultivar Clipper was the recurrent backcross parent in their ancestry. In field tests of the recombinants over 2 years, disease levels were lower in three of six doubly resistant lines than in backcross lines carrying a single resistance gene, which in turn were less diseased than either Clipper or recombinants that lacked the marked resistance genes. All resistant lines significantly outyielded Clipper but did not themselves differ significantly. Lines resistant to scald had significantly higher grain size and grain weight. Gains for malt yield of about 1 % were detected in the higher disease environment. Resistance was not accompanied by any obvious cost in terms of yield or quality. Protection against scald is therefore a significant requirement for new malting barley cultivars in scald-prone areas. 相似文献
43.
Three satellite DNA families were identified in three species of burying
beetles, Nicrophorus orbicollis, N. marginatus, and N. americanus. Southern
hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis of individual randomly
cloned repeats shows that these satellite DNA families are highly abundant
in the genome, are composed of unique repeats, and are species-specific.
The repeats do not have identifiable core elements or substructures that
are similar in all three families, and most interspecific sequence
similarity is confined to homopolymeric runs of A and T. Satellite DNA from
N. marginatus and N. americanus show single-base-pair indels among repeats,
but single-nucleotide substitutions characterize most of the repeat
variability. Although the repeat units are of similar lengths (342, 350,
and 354 bp) and A + T composition (65%, 71%, and 71%, respectively), the
average nucleotide divergence among sequenced repeats is very low (0.18%,
1.22%, and 0.71%, respectively). Transition/transversion ratios from the
consensus sequence are 0.20, 0.69, and 0.70, respectively.
相似文献
44.
R M Perlmutter J D Marth S F Ziegler A M Garvin S Pawar M P Cooke K M Abraham 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1989,948(3):245-262
45.
Membrane resistance change of the frog taste cells in response to water and Nacl 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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The electrical properties of the frog taste cells during gustatory stimulations with distilled water and varying concentrations of NaCl were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. Under the Ringer adaptation of the tongue, two types of taste cells were distinguished by the gustatory stimuli. One type, termed NaCl-sensitive (NS) cells, responded to water with hyperpolarizations and responded to concentrated NaCl with depolarizations. In contrast, the other type of cells, termed water-sensitive (WS) cells, responded to water depolarizations and responded to concentrated NaCl with hyperpolarizations. The membrane resistance of both taste cell types increased during the hyperpolarizing receptor potentials and decreased during the depolarizing receptor potentials, Reversal potentials for the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses in each cell type were a few millivolts positive above the zero membrane potential. When the tongue was adapted with Na-free Ringer solution for 30 min, the amplitude of the depolarizing responses in the NS cells reduced to 50% of the control value under normal Ringer adaptation. On the basis of the present results, it is concluded (a) that the depolarizing responses of the NS and WS cells under the Ringer adaptation are produced by the permeability increase in some ions, mainly Na+ ions across the taste cell membranes, and (b) that the hyperpolarizing responses of both types of taste cells are produced by a decrease in the cell membrane permeability to some ions, probably Na+ ions, which is slightly enhanced during the Ringer adaptation. 相似文献
46.
Molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Silver LM; Hammer M; Fox H; Garrels J; Bucan M; Herrmann B; Frischauf AM; Lehrach H; Winking H; Figueroa F 《Molecular biology and evolution》1987,4(5):473-482
Mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high
frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice. To
determine both the relationship of t haplotypes to each other and the
species within which they exist, 35 representative t haplotypes were
analyzed by means of 10 independent molecular probes, including five DNA
clones and five polypeptide spots identified by means of two- dimensional
gel electrophoresis. All of the tested haplotypes were found to share
restriction fragments and polypeptide spots that are absent in mice
carrying wild-type forms of chromosome 17. This observation provides the
first direct evidence that all of the known t haplotypes are descendents of
a single ancestral chromosome. The absence of variation among t haplotypes
could mean that this ancestral chromosome existed relatively recently, in
which case it would be necessary to postulate introgressions of t
haplotypes across species lines to explain their presence in both Mus
domesticus and M. musculus. Alternatively, it is possible that the
ancestral chromosome existed prior to the split between M. domesticus and
M. musculus and that, by chance, our probes fail to detect polymorphisms
that exist among the t haplotypes. A further result of our analysis is the
characterization of a partial t haplotype in a wild population of Israeli
mice.
相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Robert T. Garvin Russell C. Hill Morton M. Weber 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1978,191(2):774-781
RNA extracted by cold phenol from the large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit of the trypanosomatid flagellate Crithidia fasciculata and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 4 °C consisted of one species with a molecular weight of 1.3 × 106 (relative to ribosomal RNA from E. coli MRE 600). When extracted with hot phenol (65 °C), the large ribosomal subunit gave rise to two components with molecular weights of 0.72 and 0.56 × 106. On heating for 60 s, followed by rapid cooling, the single cold-phenol-extracted 1.30 × 106-dalton species completely dissociated into two components of molecular weights 0.72 and 0.56 × 106, present in equimolar amounts. When analyzed by polyacrylamide-agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, RNA extracted by cold phenol from the large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit consisted of three components of molecular weights 1.3, 0.72, and 0.56 × 106, present in apparently equimolar amounts. RNA from the small cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit consisted of one species with a molecular weight of 0.84 × 106, independent of extraction or analytical conditions. It is proposed that under high salt and low temperature conditions, the large ribosomal RNA molecule is held together by its secondary structure, and that denaturing extraction or analytical conditions reveal an otherwise “hidden” lesion present in the molecule in vivo. 相似文献
50.