草莓毛管蚜性外激素腺体的形态及组织观察

本文通过对草莓毛管蚜Chaetosiphon fragaefolii(Cockerell)性外激素腺体外部形态的扫描电镜观察,对腺体的外形、大小、位置、数目作了描述;通过对腺体组织不同发育时期的电镜观察,揭示了该虫性外激素腺体的形成期、释放性外激素期和衰老期等不同发育阶段的变化过程.     

Dissecting the activating mutations in v-erbB of avian erythroblastosis virus strain R.

The v-erbB oncogene isolated from the R (or ES4) strain of avian erythroblastosis virus is capable of inducing erythroleukemia and fibrosarcomas. This oncogene differs from the proto-oncogene c-erbB, the avian homolog of the epidermal growth factor receptor, by its lack of an intact ligand-binding domain as well as additional alterations in its cytoplasmic coding sequences. By contrast, the insertionally activated c-erbB, a variant oncogene, which encodes a product that also lacks the ligand-binding domain but is otherwise unaltered in its cytoplasmic coding sequences, is capable of inducing leukemia but cannot induce sarcomas. In this report, we show that the critical changes for activating the sarcomagenic potential displayed by v-erbB R are two point mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain and an internal deletion of 21 amino acids in the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain. The removal of the carboxyl-terminal autophosphorylation sites is not obligatory. These activating mutations (Arg-263 to His, Ile-384 to Ser, and the deletion of residues 494 to 514), when introduced singly into the insertionally activated c-erbB, all dramatically increase fibroblast-transforming potential. Arg-263 resides near the highly conserved HRD motif of the kinase domain, and its mutation to His increases the autophosphorylation activity. The other two mutations do not alter the intrinsic kinase activity and presumably affect other aspects of the receptor involved in growth signaling. Therefore, the high transforming potential of v-erbB R is a consequence of synergism among multiple activating mutations.     

寄生云杉树蜂的枝跗瘿蜂一新种(膜翅目:瘿蜂总科:枝跗瘿蜂科)

枝跗瘿蜂科(Ibahidae)是个小科,所有种类均寄生蛀干害虫树蜂科(Siricidae)的幼虫。我国大陆的本科种类由杨忠岐1991年首次作了报道。现记述采自祁连山林区的另1新种。该种寄生于为害青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)的黄肩长尾树蜂(Xeris spec-trum spectrum)等树蜂的幼虫。新种的模式标本保存于西北林学院天敌昆虫研究室。至此,我国大陆共有本科种类3种,加上台湾的1个种,我国共有4种:     

环螽属二新种及一新记录种：（直翅目：螽斯总科,露螽科）

环螽属Letana Walker,1869(=Pyrrhicia Stal,1873)迄今已知22种,分布中国、越南、泰国、缅甸、尼泊尔、印度和斯里兰卡等国。作者在整理这个属的标本时发现2新种和1新纪录种,分别采自中国(西藏)和尼泊尔,现记述于后。模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

人参根系发育形态学的研究

人参(Panax qinseng C. A. Meyer)属于直根系植物,有次生构造。一年生苗只具有主根和侧根。二年以上的人参常在根状茎上长出不定根,即人参根系包括主根和不定根及其各级分枝。主根初生木质部为三原型,侧根和不定根及其分枝多为二原型,偶见三原型。根系随参龄的增加而增大。每年末级分枝自基部于休眠前萎缩、脱落,并在萎缩部分的上一级支根内部产生越冬根原基,越冬根原基是翌年形成全部吸收根的基础。一年生人参由中柱鞘产生一圈初生树脂道,由形成层产生一圈(或二圈)次生树脂道,以后次生树脂道的圈数随参龄的增加而每年增加一圈,自第五年开始渐缓。根内淀粉粒含量随发育时期的变化而相应变化,其积累高峰出现在果后期。研究人参根系发育形态学不仅对全面正确认识人参根系具有理论意义,而且对改进人参栽培管理和评价人参质量具有指导意义。     

促性腺激素诱导猕猴排卵周期中卵巢纤溶酶原激活因子与抑制因子的变化

在用 PMSG 和 hUG 诱导猕猴排卵过程中,我们研究了 pA 和它的抑制因子 PAI-1与排卵的关系。实验结果表明,由促性腺激素所诱导出的卵巢 tPA 活性的增加与排卵密切相关,在排卵前达到高峰,而排卵后明显下降;uPA 只在排卵后的颗粒细胞大量出现;PAI-1分泌高峰比 tPA 峰值早出现12—24小时;排卵来临时,tPA 的明显上升导致 PAl-1的空然下降。上述实验结果说明,卵巢中 tPA 和 PAI-1活性的这种平衡性的变化可能在排卵机制和维持卵巢的正常生理功能中起重要作用,而 uPA 或许与黄体形成的调节有某些关系。     

The malmö polymorphism of coagulation factor IX, an immunologic polymorphism due to dimorphism of residue 148 that is in linkage disequilibrium with two other F.IX polymorphisms

A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAB 9.9) to coagulation factor IX (F.IX) detects a polymorphism in the plasma of normal people. Its epitope has been narrowed down to <6 amino acids in the activation peptide of the X-linked F.IX protein. The activation peptide contains a dimorphism—Thr:Ala—at position 148 of the protein. Using synthetic oligonucleotides, we have demonstrated that (1) the F.IX which reacts with 9.9 has Thr at position 148 and (2) that which does not has Ala. Positive reactors (148^thr) are designated Malmö A, and negative reactors (148^ala) are designated Malmö B. The plasma levels of AA women are indistinguishable from those of A men, and both B men and BB women are null against MAB 9.9. The plasma level of Malmö A in AB women is approximately half that of AA women, and “lyonization” is clearly operating in the heterozygotes. The dimorphism is in strong linkage disequilibrium with two other intragenic RFLPs, TaqI and XmnI. Furthermore, intragenic crossing-over—including double crossing-over—appears to have occurred between the three sites. Seven of the eight possible haplotypes have been identified, five in men and two others in women. The immunoassay that identifies ～50% of the AB women in the pool of Malmö A females with 95% confidence identifies men unambiguously as A or B. The assay would be very useful for population-genetic studies of the Malmö epitope if the studies were limited to men.     

大鼠中枢神经系统衰老的形态学研究Ⅳ.大脑皮质锥体细胞树突棘的数量变化

用6、12与31个月的雄性Wistar大鼠的大脑Krieg 2、3区皮质,对其V层大锥体细胞的五段50μm长度内的树突棘做形态学定量研究。在Golgi法的切片中共计数了三个年龄组的151个细胞的725段树突的棘密度。结果表明,老年大鼠比成年和青年大鼠的棘密度普遍下降。其中以基树突与侧树突棘度下降最显著(减少24％左右),顶树突只中段有明显减少。老年大鼠锥体细胞还常出现胞体、树突及其分支的明显形态改变。     

绿尾虹雉生态学研究

绿尾虹雉Lophophorus lhuysti生态和生物学研究是中国科学院重点科研课题——“中国珍稀濒危难类生态生物学”——部分工作。 本文为作者对绿尾虹雉所作的生态和生物学系统研究首次报道。绿尾虹雉主要牺息于海拔3,500—4,000米亚高山灌丛和草甸。杂食性鸟类,以植物性食物为主,亦食昆虫。营巢于岩洞或灌丛地面上,每窝产3—4,多达11枚卵。种群密度1.32—1.58只/km~2。目前数量急剧下降,处于濒危,急待保护。     

促生长素抑制素样免疫反应在大白鼠弓状核和正中隆起的超微结构分布

本文用免疫电镜方法证明:促生长素抑制素样免疫反应神经末梢分布于弓状棱并与未标记的树突形成轴树突触。在正中隆起的纤维层和栅状层内均可见上述免疫反应末梢,大多数紧贴门脉毛细血管基底膜周围甚至穿入基底膜内。免疫反应末梢尚可与未标记的末梢形成轴轴突触样结构。