全文获取类型
收费全文 | 41377篇 |
免费 | 4852篇 |
国内免费 | 16413篇 |
专业分类
62642篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 384篇 |
2023年 | 1274篇 |
2022年 | 2079篇 |
2021年 | 2503篇 |
2020年 | 2158篇 |
2019年 | 2546篇 |
2018年 | 1878篇 |
2017年 | 1683篇 |
2016年 | 1943篇 |
2015年 | 2603篇 |
2014年 | 3549篇 |
2013年 | 3288篇 |
2012年 | 4326篇 |
2011年 | 4106篇 |
2010年 | 3081篇 |
2009年 | 3043篇 |
2008年 | 3354篇 |
2007年 | 3026篇 |
2006年 | 2696篇 |
2005年 | 2244篇 |
2004年 | 1822篇 |
2003年 | 1503篇 |
2002年 | 1337篇 |
2001年 | 1145篇 |
2000年 | 1112篇 |
1999年 | 823篇 |
1998年 | 464篇 |
1997年 | 347篇 |
1996年 | 337篇 |
1995年 | 252篇 |
1994年 | 233篇 |
1993年 | 188篇 |
1992年 | 199篇 |
1991年 | 150篇 |
1990年 | 151篇 |
1989年 | 111篇 |
1988年 | 103篇 |
1987年 | 61篇 |
1986年 | 67篇 |
1985年 | 80篇 |
1984年 | 49篇 |
1983年 | 47篇 |
1982年 | 64篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1964年 | 13篇 |
1963年 | 13篇 |
1957年 | 14篇 |
1953年 | 13篇 |
1950年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
101.
Zhang?Lijuan Jifu?Liu Hao?Zhang Shanshan?Wu Lingyun?Huang Dacheng?He Xueyuan?XiaoEmail author 《中国科学C辑(英文版)》2005,48(6):641-647
There are multiple reports of autoimmune response in patients with lung cancer. To investigate whether a novel autoantibody
is present in patients with lung cancer and evaluate its clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, sera from 10 patients with
lung cancer and 10 normal individuals were analyzed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. It was found that one serum
sample from the patients with squamous carcinoma gave a fine speckled pattern staining in nucleus and had a high titer antinuclear
autoantibody which could recognize 31 kD of nuclear protein isolated from both cancer cells and normal cells. The same patient’s
serum was further used to immunoprecipitate the target antigen. The protein bands were excised from the SDS-PAGE gels and
were analyzed with a Qstar Pulser I Quadrupole time-flight mass spectrometer, and the 31 kD target antigen was identified
as U1-AsnRNP. To test the prevalence of anti-U1-AsnRNP antibody, sera from 93 patients including 36 squmaous carcinomas (SCC),
26 adenocarcinomas (Ad), and 31 small cell carcinomas (SCLC) were screened by Western blotting. The results demonstrated that
anti-U1-A snRNP antibody was present in 50% of SCC sera, 26.9% of Ad sera and 54.8% of SCLC sera. In this paper, we report
for the first time that anti-U1-AsnRNP antibody could be detected in the patients with lung cancer. 相似文献
102.
采用叶绿素荧光技术考察了不同潮汐模式下海萝藻体光合活性的日变化、海萝光合活性与藻体含水量之间的关系以及干露和光照对光合活性的交互影响.结果表明: 早、中、晚潮汐相比,中午潮时最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)下降速度最快.早潮干露初期Fv/Fm下降较慢,随后加快;晚潮干露时Fv/Fm始终较快下降.各种潮汐模式下,Fv/Fm当日基本恢复至初始水平,呈现了可逆的下降,即动态光抑制.Fv/Fm及有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)随含水量的降低而下降,当含水量低于90%时,Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ下降迅速,但含水量6%左右的藻体重新浸没后仍能恢复光合作用,即通常情况下可以耐受72 h的干露,具有很强的干露耐受能力.藻体含水量(TWC)与Fv/Fm及ΦPSⅡ的函数关系为:Fv/Fm=0.68+(0.0044-0.68)/\[1+(TWC/66.96)5\],R2=0.99;ΦPSⅡ=0.585+(0.004-0.585)/\[1+(TWC/73)10\],R2=0.99.方差分析结果进一步显示,光强和干露交互作用对藻体光合活性影响显著,随光照增强和干露时间延长光抑制程度增大,强光(1000 μmol pho·m-2·s-1)和长时间干露(6 h)叠加时,藻体光合活性降低程度最大,完全恢复所需时间最长. 相似文献
103.
铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
矿业废弃地生态系统自然恢复的植被演替过程与机理是生态恢复研究的重要内容之一.以空间代替时间的方法,选择立地条件基本一致的4个不同自然恢复年限铅锌矿区为对象,研究黔西北土法炼锌渣场废弃地植被自然演替与矿渣基质理化性质的交互效应.结果表明: 随着堆置时间的增加,矿渣基质的营养条件明显得到改善,全氮、全磷和全钾含量极显著增加, pH上升,电导率下降,容重降低,有效铅和镉显著降低. 同时,随着恢复时间的增长,植物群落的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度也相应提高.植物群落组成以多年生草本植物为主,植物群落演替在前20年较为缓慢,30年后植被群落盖度可达到53%,超过40年盖度可达87%.矿渣理化性质与物种多样性显著相关,典型变量分别是全氮、全磷和全钾;物种多样性指数与有效铅和镉呈显著负相关.土法炼锌渣场废弃地植被自然演替过程在30年后速度加快,植被生长的限制因子是营养供给不足和重金属的有效性高. 相似文献
104.
We collected a specimen of Chinese Pygmy Dormouse (Typhlomys cinereus)from Nanling Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province in August 2012,analyzed the specimen’s morphological and skull indices,and compared them with the published data for other T. cinereus subspecies located throughout China. The skull of our specimen had four pairs of palatal holes:among them,the two posterior pairs merged together to form two large and long holes,and the posterior edge of the nasals was located vertically below the frontopremaxillary suture. Based on these two unique characteristics,we identified the specimen as the subspecies T. c. daloushanensis. This is the first time this species has been recorded in Guangdong Province. 相似文献
105.
城市生态规划的回顾与展望 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18
回顾了城市生态规划的发展情况,对其发展前景进行了展望。从19世纪末至今,从Howard的“田园城市”到MacHarg的土地利用生态规划方法,再到基于生态系统理论的城市生态对策规划,城市生态规划的理论和方法在实践中不断完善。全球城市化进程的加快带来了一系列的生态环境问题。城市生态规划作为实现城市可持续发展的途径之一,越来越受到人们的关注,为生态城市建设服务是城市生态规划的发展方向。 相似文献
106.
目的:探讨骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)对卵巢癌Hey细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其可能涉及的分子机制。方法:选择卵巢癌细胞株Hey、HO8910、A2780和正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80,采用Western blot检测OPN蛋白的表达情况。对OPN表达量相对较高的Hey细胞株的OPN基因敲减或过表达,运用CCK-8、平板克隆实验、细胞划痕、Transwell侵袭实验等方法研究OPN对细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响,采用Western blot检测Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc的表达情况。结果:OPN在卵巢癌细胞株Hey、HO8910、A2780内均有表达,且表达量均高于正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80。si RNA-OPN转染卵巢癌Hey细胞沉默OPN表达,CCK-8和平板克隆实验显示沉默OPN能够降低Hey细胞的增殖能力,划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验显示下调OPN可降低Hey细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc表达下降。ex-OPN转染Hey细胞使OPN表达升高,与对照组相比,OPN过表达能够增强Hey细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并且Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc表达升高。结论:OPN能够促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,该作用可能通过促进Wnt/β-catenin信号通路实现。 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Wang-Shan Zheng Yao-Xi He Chao-Ying Cui Ouzhuluobu Dejiquzong Yi Peng Cai-Juan Bai Duojizhuoma Gonggalanzi Bianba Baimakangzhuo Yong-Yue Pan Qula Kangmin Cirenyangji Baimayangji Wei Guo Yangla Hui Zhang Xiao-Ming Zhang Yong-Bo Guo Shu-Hua Xu Hua Chen Sheng-Guo Zhao Yuan Cai Shi-Ming Liu Tian-Yi Wu Xue-Bin Qi Bing Su 《动物学研究》2017,38(3)
The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway,as suggested by earlier studies.To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 (histone acetyltransferase p300),we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans.The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans,with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations,including Han Chinese,Europeans,and Africans.Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation.More importantly,genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide (NO) concentration.Collectively,we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans,which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production. 相似文献
110.
Two dodecachlorinated porphyrins, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octachloro-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-chlorophenyl)porphyrin free base (TCl12PPH2) and its nickel compound (TCl12PPNi), have been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that porphyrin rings are heavily distorted and exhibit saddled conformations. The Soret and Q bands of two compounds are red-shifted compared to their non-chlorinated counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the optical band gap of TCl12PPH2 is reduced, whereas that of TCl12PPNi remains almost the same as to its non-chlorinated nickel compound due to the concurrent lowering of HOMO and LUMO energy levels. The frontier molecular orbitals are degenerated due to the decrease of symmetry of the molecules. 相似文献