潮间带红藻——海萝光合活性对干露胁迫的响应

采用叶绿素荧光技术考察了不同潮汐模式下海萝藻体光合活性的日变化、海萝光合活性与藻体含水量之间的关系以及干露和光照对光合活性的交互影响.结果表明： 早、中、晚潮汐相比,中午潮时最大量子产量(F_v/F_m)下降速度最快.早潮干露初期F_v/F_m下降较慢,随后加快;晚潮干露时F_v/F_m始终较快下降.各种潮汐模式下,F_v/F_m当日基本恢复至初始水平,呈现了可逆的下降,即动态光抑制.F_v/F_m及有效量子产量(Φ_PSⅡ)随含水量的降低而下降,当含水量低于90%时,F_v/F_m和Φ_PSⅡ下降迅速,但含水量6%左右的藻体重新浸没后仍能恢复光合作用,即通常情况下可以耐受72 h的干露,具有很强的干露耐受能力.藻体含水量（TWC）与F_v/F_m及Φ_PSⅡ的函数关系为：F_v/F_m=0.68+(0.0044-0.68)/\[1+(TWC/66.96)⁵\],R²=0.99;Φ_PSⅡ=0.585+(0.004-0.585)/\[1+(TWC/73)¹⁰\],R²=0.99.方差分析结果进一步显示,光强和干露交互作用对藻体光合活性影响显著,随光照增强和干露时间延长光抑制程度增大,强光(1000 μmol pho·m^-2·s^-1)和长时间干露(6 h)叠加时,藻体光合活性降低程度最大,完全恢复所需时间最长.     

铅锌矿渣场植被自然演替与基质的交互效应

矿业废弃地生态系统自然恢复的植被演替过程与机理是生态恢复研究的重要内容之一.以空间代替时间的方法,选择立地条件基本一致的4个不同自然恢复年限铅锌矿区为对象,研究黔西北土法炼锌渣场废弃地植被自然演替与矿渣基质理化性质的交互效应.结果表明： 随着堆置时间的增加,矿渣基质的营养条件明显得到改善,全氮、全磷和全钾含量极显著增加, pH上升,电导率下降,容重降低,有效铅和镉显著降低. 同时,随着恢复时间的增长,植物群落的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度也相应提高.植物群落组成以多年生草本植物为主,植物群落演替在前20年较为缓慢,30年后植被群落盖度可达到53%,超过40年盖度可达87%.矿渣理化性质与物种多样性显著相关,典型变量分别是全氮、全磷和全钾;物种多样性指数与有效铅和镉呈显著负相关.土法炼锌渣场废弃地植被自然演替过程在30年后速度加快,植被生长的限制因子是营养供给不足和重金属的有效性高.     

猪尾鼠(Typhlomys cinereus) 广东省新纪录

We collected a specimen of Chinese Pygmy Dormouse (Typhlomys cinereus)from Nanling Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province in August 2012,analyzed the specimen’s morphological and skull indices,and compared them with the published data for other T. cinereus subspecies located throughout China. The skull of our specimen had four pairs of palatal holes:among them,the two posterior pairs merged together to form two large and long holes,and the posterior edge of the nasals was located vertically below the frontopremaxillary suture. Based on these two unique characteristics,we identified the specimen as the subspecies T. c. daloushanensis. This is the first time this species has been recorded in Guangdong Province.     

城市生态规划的回顾与展望

回顾了城市生态规划的发展情况,对其发展前景进行了展望。从19世纪末至今,从Howard的“田园城市”到MacHarg的土地利用生态规划方法,再到基于生态系统理论的城市生态对策规划,城市生态规划的理论和方法在实践中不断完善。全球城市化进程的加快带来了一系列的生态环境问题。城市生态规划作为实现城市可持续发展的途径之一,越来越受到人们的关注,为生态城市建设服务是城市生态规划的发展方向。     

The Development of Gynoecium after Anthesis and Fertilization in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)

The development status of gynoecia in Eleutherococcus senticosus flowers is different from that in ordinary plants. Female gametophytes of E. senticosus have not become mature until the 6th day after anthesis. On the 6th day, 82.25% of embryo sacs in female plants, and 67.25％ of those in hermaphroditic plants become mature, while the rest are sterile, immature or degenerated with no fertilized embryo sacs observed. At the same time, all embryo sacs degenerated and flowers withered in male plants. On the 7th day, a few embryo sacs in female and hermaphroditic plants start being fertilized. Accompanying the differentiation of embryo sacs, styles of female and hermaphroditic flowers start to expand and their nectaries become mature gradually. After the 4th or 6th day of anthesis, stigmatic papillae become conspicious and stigmata become white and open. In the meantime, the stigmata become receptive and the nectaries get active or reactive. By the 9th or 10th day, 40～65 ％ of embryo sacs in female plants and 25～41% of those in hermaphroditic plants have been fertilized. The whole process of fertilization in E. senticosus was observed. About 2 or 3 days after pollination, the two sperm nuclei start to fuse with the egg and the secondary nucleus. The fertilization of E. senticosus belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. The essential process of the fusion of male and female nuclei during syngamy may be generalized as follows: (1) the contacting of male nucleus with the female one; (2) the fusion of nuclear membranes between the male and female nuclei; (3) the despiralization of male spireme and the appearance of male nucleolus inside the fertilized female nucleus; (4) the dispersion of male chromatin and the mergence with the female chromatin, which is the sign of completion of the fusion of the two nuclei. In addition, degeneration types of mature embryo sacs were observed. And typical polyspermy and a series of cases in which extra sperms enter the em-bryo sac are recorded.     

OPN对卵巢癌Hey细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响

目的:探讨骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)对卵巢癌Hey细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其可能涉及的分子机制。方法:选择卵巢癌细胞株Hey、HO8910、A2780和正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80,采用Western blot检测OPN蛋白的表达情况。对OPN表达量相对较高的Hey细胞株的OPN基因敲减或过表达,运用CCK-8、平板克隆实验、细胞划痕、Transwell侵袭实验等方法研究OPN对细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响,采用Western blot检测Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc的表达情况。结果:OPN在卵巢癌细胞株Hey、HO8910、A2780内均有表达,且表达量均高于正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80。si RNA-OPN转染卵巢癌Hey细胞沉默OPN表达,CCK-8和平板克隆实验显示沉默OPN能够降低Hey细胞的增殖能力,划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验显示下调OPN可降低Hey细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc表达下降。ex-OPN转染Hey细胞使OPN表达升高,与对照组相比,OPN过表达能够增强Hey细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并且Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白β-catenin、CyclinD1、c-myc表达升高。结论:OPN能够促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,该作用可能通过促进Wnt/β-catenin信号通路实现。     

18S rDNA的研究进展及其在膜翅目昆虫分子系统学中的应用

本文综述了18S rDNA的研究进展,主要包括了18S rDNA的结构研究,18S rDNA的网络资源利用和18S rDNA在膜翅目昆虫中的应用。     

老年冠心病患者服用抗血小板药物的依从性分析及护理对策

目的:分析老年冠心痛患者服用抗血小板药物的依从性,寻求护理干预的有效途径.方法:自行设计服用抗血小板药物依从性调查表,通过调查与健康教育相结合的方式,对128例年龄在68～95岁的老年冠心病患者服药依从性问题进行调查分析.结果:通过临床医师知道抗血小板药物作用的占100%;知道终身服用抗血小板药物意义的占35%;服用抗血小板药物遇到问题而自行停药的占0%;健康教育后能坚持终身服用抗血小板药物的占95%.结论:相对于老年冠心痛患者,有效的健康教育能极大地提高患者服药依从性.临床医护人员对患者进行健康教育的同时,对家属的教育也很重要.通过健康教育干预,使其掌握药物的基本知识,告知获益大于风险,启动家庭支持系统,可显著提高老年冠心病患者服用抗血小板药物依从性.     

儿童头癣3例

1临床资料例1:患者女,5岁,四川闽中人。左枕部脱发半年伴有瘙痒,未经诊治。患者喜欢抚摸猫、犬等。于2010年8月11日来我科就诊。体检:一般情况尚可,体温37.0℃,心率87次/min,呼吸22次/min,血压10.5/6 kPa,体重13 kg。全身浅表淋巴结未触及。皮肤科检查:左枕部2.5 cm×2.5 cm     

昆虫病原线虫斯氏线虫和异小杆线虫对长角血蜱雌蜱的致病力

用昆虫病原线虫小卷蛾斯氏线虫（Sc BJ）、夜蛾斯氏线虫（Sf Otio）、拟双角斯氏线虫（Sc D43）、格氏斯氏线虫（Sg NC32）和嗜菌异小杆线虫（Hb E-6-7）对长角血蜱雌蜱进行感染试验,所用线虫剂量为4 000 Ijs/dish。结果表明,5种线虫均对长角血蜱雌蜱有致死效应。Hb E-6-7和Sc BJ两种线虫对雌蜱各发育期致病力最强,导致雌蜱的累积死亡率和半致死时间分别为饥饿雌蜱82.5%,9.0天和75.0%,8.8天;吸血雌蜱90.0%,8.0天和82.5%,8.0天;饱血雌蜱93.3%,7.3天和86.7%,7.3天。Sc D43对饱血雌蜱有较高的致死效应,为80.0%,但半致死时间较长,为11.7天。Sf Otio和Sg NC32对长角血蜱雌蜱的致死效应较低。饱血雌蜱较饥饿雌蜱和吸血雌蜱更易被线虫感染。