中国寄生云杉的顶裂盘菌及其无性阶段

本文报道了寄生在云杉上的中国新记录种顶裂盘菌(Lophophacidium hyperboreumLagerb.);首次发现了这个种的无性型座壳梭孢属(Apostrasseria sp.),证实了融雪前病株针叶上有表生的菌丝和小菌核;查清了它是新疆云杉林中的广布种,引致云杉雪枯病;发现了新分布区,地理分布范围在75°—94°E,37°40′—49°N;发现了新寄主,多土的西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata Ledeb.)和引进的青海云杉(P.crassifolia Kom.)、川西云杉(P.balfourianaRehd.et Wils.)。     

粉拟青霉异核性研究

本文通过细胞核染色和遗传分析的方法证明了粉拟青霉的异核性。在遗传分析中采用酶解菌丝细胞壁及原生质体再生的方法,得到了组分同核体;同核体又配接重新形成了与原菌株性状相似的异核体。细胞核染色显示粉拟青霉分生孢子为单细胞多核,结合其它现象,证明了在其生活史中异核性是稳定的。表明该菌田间分离株是永久性异核体。这一现象与已报道的分生孢子为单核的虫生真菌异核现象不同,了解这一现象及其实质对认识该菌生理、菌种改良以及提高野外防治害虫的效果有重要意义。     

Brain glutamate metabolism during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis.

Glutamate modifies ventilation by altering neural excitability centrally. Metabolic acid-base perturbations may also alter cerebral glutamate metabolism locally and thus affect ventilation. Therefore, the effect of metabolic acid-base perturbations on central nervous system glutamate metabolism was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs under normal acid-base conditions and during isocapnic metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. Cerebrospinal fluid transfer rates of radiotracer [13N]ammonia and of [13N]glutamine synthesized de novo via the reaction glutamate+NH3-->glutamine in brain glia were measured during normal acid-base conditions and after 90 min of acute isocapnic metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. Cerebrospinal fluid [13N]ammonia and [13N]glutamine transfer rates decreased in metabolic acidosis. Maximal glial glutamine efflux rate jm equals 85.6 +/- 9.5 (SE) mumol.l-1 x min-1 in all animals. No difference in jm was observed in metabolic alkalosis or acidosis. Mean cerebral cortical glutamate concentration was significantly lower in acidosis [7.01 +/- 0.45 (SE) mumol/g brain tissue] and tended to be larger in alkalosis, compared with 7.97 +/- 0.89 mumol/g in normal acid-base conditions. There was a similar change in cerebral cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration. Within the limits of the present method and measurements, the results suggest that acute metabolic acidosis but not alkalosis reduces glial glutamine efflux, corresponding to changes in cerebral cortical glutamate metabolism. These results suggest that glutamatergic mechanisms may contribute to central respiratory control in metabolic acidosis.     

幼年大鼠诱发排卵条件下卵巢前列腺素(PGs)的含量变化及其生理作用

本实验用幼年大鼠经PMSG/hCG诱发排卵,研究了印巢PGE_2、PGF_(2α) 、6-酮-PGF_(1α) 及TXB_2在排卵过程中的变化。实验表明卵巢PGE_2、PGF_(2α) 及6-酮-PGF_(1α) 在排卵前达到峰值,在排卵后,均趋下降。TXB_2未出现明显变化。受试动物经消炎痛处理后,不仅使排卵受到严重抑制,而对上述三种PGs在排卵前的上升也表现了显著的抑制。提示在卵泡破裂过程中PGs的重要调节作用,PGE_2、PGF_(2α)均可能参与排卵,其中尤以PGE_2的作用最为显著。     

淡色库蚊对敌百虫的抗药性研究——抗性谱及联合作用

1973年采集于上海闸北区的淡色库蚊幼虫在室内以敌百虫选育抗性品系(RD品系)获得成功,F₁₂代的LC₅₀已为室内正常品系(SEN)的240多倍。RD品系的抗性谱表明,对有机磷杀虫剂均具有不同程度的交互抗性;对有机氯如DDT、丙体666和氨基甲酸酯类等杀虫剂无明显的交互抗性;对天然除虫菊和拟除虫菊酯类有低度的负交互抗性。并测定了29种药剂与敌百虫混用对RD品系和SEN品系的增效作用。还测定了对敌百虫有较高交互抗性的杀虫剂分别与TPP,TOCP、稻瘟净、异稻瘟净和增效醚混用后的增效作用。     

继新蚤属三新种记述及对属征的进一步探讨

继新蚤属(Genoncopsylla Wu,Liu,1966)是根据我国西藏所采得的长鬃继新蚤(C.longise-gosa Wu,Wu ＆ Liu,1966)于1966年建立的一个新属。1968年 Traub报告了在邻国尼泊尔采到的另一种——三角继新蚤“(Evansipsylla thysanota Traub,1968)”,当时因为他漏看了长鬃继新蚤的文章而根据三角继新蚤建立了Evansipsylla属。后来Traub(1972)及Lewis(1974)相继都把Evansipsylla作为继新蚤属的同属异名,同时Lewis还疑惑三角继新蚤就是长鬃继新蚤。Brelih(1975)又根据在尼泊     

蠕形蚤属我国青海省一新种记述

青海高原是富于蠕形蚤的地区,世界已知的六种,除三种外,均分布青海。它们是有蹄类动物,特别是牛、羊、马鹿的害虫。最近,我们在祁连山麓又获一新种,故命名为祁连蠕形蚤Vermipsylla qilianensis。 本新种在形态特征上接近花蠕形蚤V.alakurt Schimkewitsch,1885和阿富汗的似花蠕形蚤V·perplexa Smit,1975,其鉴别特征见表。