Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was continuously measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2003 to 2005 at three forest sites of ChinaFLUX. The forests include Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ), and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (DHS). They span wide ranges of temperature and precipitation and are influenced by the eastern Asian monsoon climate to varying extent. In this study, we estimated ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). Comparison of ecosystem carbon exchange among the three forests shows that RE was mainly determined by temperature, with the forest at CBS exhibiting the highest temperature sensitivity among the three ecosystems. The RE was highly dependent on GEP across the three forests, and the ratio of RE to GEP decreased along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (i.e. from the CBS to the DHS), with an average of 0.77 ± 0.06. Daily GEP was mainly influenced by temperature at CBS, whereas photosynthetic photon flux density was the dominant factor affecting the daily GEP at both QYZ and DHS. Temperature mainly determined the pattern of the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at CBS. However, water availability primarily controlled the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at QYZ. At DHS, NEP attained the highest values at the beginning of the dry seasons (autumn) rather than the rainy seasons (summer), probably because insufficient radiation and frequent fog during the rainy seasons hindered canopy photosynthesis. All the three forest ecosystems acted as a carbon sink from 2003 to 2005. The annual average values of NEP at CBS, QYZ, and DHS were 259 ± 19, 354 ± 34, and 434 ± 66 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The slope of NEP that decreased with increasing latitude along the NSTEC was markedly different from that observed on the forest transect in the European continent. Long‐term flux measurements over more forest ecosystems along the NSTEC will further help verify such a difference between the European forest transect and the NSTEC and provide insights into the responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to climate change in China.     

食管穿孔外科治疗22例临床分析

目的:探讨食管穿孔的诊断、临床特征与外科治疗方法.方法:回顾分析1999年-2009年我院收治的食管穿孔22例.结果:本组病例4例保守治疗,2例行颈部脓肿切开引流,8例行单纯食管穿孔修补术,3例行纵隔及胸腔脓肿清除术并引流,1例行食管下段切除、胃代食管弓上吻合术,2例行食管修补并肺叶切除,2例行空肠双管造瘘加纵隔胸腔引流,2例因经济原因放弃治疗出院.治愈19例,治愈率86.3%,死亡1例,死亡率4.5%.结论:早期诊断和及时采取正确的处理措施是提高本病治愈率,降低死亡率的关键.     

马缨丹乳油及其混剂对黄曲条跳甲的拒食活性

测试了自制的12.5%马缨丹乳油对黄曲条跳甲成虫拒食活性、持效性及其与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油、1.5%除虫菊水乳剂、0.3%印楝乳油混配的联合活性。该乳油1000倍液处理菜心叶片后48h对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有40%的拒食率,随着浓度升高,拒食活性增强;200、400和600倍液处理120h后对黄曲条跳甲成虫的累计拒食率分别达到76%、68%和43%。12.5%马缨丹乳油与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油以5∶5比例混配使用时,增效作用最为明显,拒食中浓度AFC50为5.25μg.ml-1,共毒系数CTC为213;与1.5%除虫菊水乳剂以1∶9比例混配使用时的增效作用次之,共毒系数CTC为149;与0.3%印楝乳油以9∶1、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7和1∶9比例混配使用时,其共毒系数CTC均100,表现为相互拮抗作用。结果表明:12.5%马缨丹乳油对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有强烈的拒食活性,其200倍液和400倍液拒食持效性好,且该乳油可与7.5%鱼藤酮乳油混配使用。     

三种群互惠模型抛物系统解的整体存在与爆破

研究了三种群互惠模型的抛物系统,用上下解方法研究解的整体存在性与爆破问题,并给出了相应的条件.结果表明当种群自身的竞争强时解整体存在,反之则有可能爆破.     

胰高血糖素样肽1或其类似物体外生物活性检测方法的建立

目的:通过对不同活性检测方法的综合比较,筛选最适的胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)或其类似物的体外活性检测方法,为GLP-1类似物的体外生物活性检测奠定基础。方法:以GLP-1作为阳性药物,用MTT方法检测其对RIN-m-5F、MIN6细胞增殖的影响;用ELISA方法检测其对INS-1、MIN6细胞胰岛素分泌量的影响;用ELISA方法检测其对BHK-GLP-1R细胞cAMP分泌水平的影响。通过对上述方法的综合比较,筛选出最适的活性检测方法。结果:GLP-1对细胞增殖的影响实验结果并不显著,对胰岛素分泌量影响的实验效果明显,对cAMP分泌水平的实验无明显效果。结论:ELISA检测GLP-1或其类似物对MIN6细胞胰岛素分泌量实验可用于GLP-1或其类似物的体外活性检测。     

果胶酶高产菌株的紫外线及硫酸二乙酯的诱变育种

以HDYM-02为出发菌株,用紫外线及硫酸二乙酯进行诱变,从大量突变株中进行筛选,选育出2株产果胶酶性质稳定且酶活明显提高的突变株UV-21和DES-1,株相比其产酶期提前,前者在24h时的酶活力为出发菌株的1．6倍,后者在12h的酶活力为出发菌株的1．44倍。     

家蚕Bms3a基因真核表达载体的构建及其在家蚕细胞和蚕体中的表达

Bms3a基因可能在家蚕Bombyx mori抗病或细胞凋亡中有一定的作用。将融合有绿色荧光蛋白的Bins3a基因克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBac1中获得了pFastBac-IE1-Bms3a-EGFP真核表达载体,利用杆状病毒(Bac-to-Bac)表达系统筛选重组杆状病毒,以重组病毒感染家蚕BmN细胞和五龄幼虫,分别在感染24h和48h检测到有绿色荧光蛋白的表达,Western blot证明表达的融合蛋白在相对分子量约57kD处出现特异条带,与预计的蛋白理论值相符。结果表明BmS3A-EGFP融合蛋白在家蚕细胞BmN及幼虫体中得到高效表达。研究结果为进一步研究BmS3A蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液核酸组分分析

目的通过对乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分的分析,阐明乳杆菌DM9811对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸的性质。方法应用核酸的分离、纯化及电泳分析技术。结果乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分为RNA,其片段大小为100 bp左右。乳杆菌对数生长期培养基滤液中核酸组分为RNA,为对数期产生且呈时间依赖关系。结论核酸组分不仅仅是遗传信息的载体,还可能作为有效的信息分子。     

中药金叶败毒制剂抑制巨细胞病毒感染

目的：通过对感染丝裂索活化蛋白激酶（Mitogen—Activated Protein Kinase,MAPK）细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-regulated kinase包括ERK1和ERK2）的信号通路的抑制作用,研究中药金叶败毒制剂治疗巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus,HCMV）感染的分子机制。方法：使用免疽印记技术检测中药金叶败毒制剂和更昔洛韦（ganciclovir,GCV）干预HCMV感染的人胚肺成纤维细胞（human embryonic lung,HEL）的ERK表达水平,并观察MEK（mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase）特异性抑制剂PD98059,中药金叶败毒制刑对细胞的病变作用（cytopathic effect,CPE）的影响。结果：两种药物都可抑制HCMV在HEL中的增殖,以PD98059与中药金叶败毒制剂合用效果明显。中药金叶败毒制剂使磷酸化ERK1／2表达降低,对ERK1的抑制作用在感染后10min出现,30min达到高峰,对ERK2的抑制作用在感染后10min出现,60min达到高峰。而GCV对ERK1／2无明显的抑制作用。结论：中药金叶败毒制剂可通过调节MAPK／ERK通路而抑制HCMV基因的表达和复制从而发挥其部分抗病毒作用。     

乳酸杆菌代谢物RNA组分对小鼠免疫细胞功能影响的研究

目的研究乳酸杆菌代谢物RNA组分对免疫细胞功能的影响,为进一步研究其可能存在的生物学功能打基础。方法采用细胞培养技术、Western Blot、ELISA和MTT等方法。结果乳酸杆菌代谢物RNA组分对全脾细胞和脾脏来源的DC增殖有促进作用,对骨髓来源的DC有抑制作用,它不刺激巨噬细胞数量增殖,但可以明显增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。用乳酸杆菌代谢物RNA组分冲激脾脏来源的DC可以轻微增强其杀伤YAC-1的作用和显著促进INF-γ分泌,但相同条件下对BMDC杀伤YAC-1的作用是抑制的,能抑制BMDC分泌INF-γ,但可以增加BMDC刺激全脾细胞的增殖和NF-κB的表达上调。结论乳酸杆菌代谢物RNA组分对小鼠免疫细胞功能具有调节作用。