经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值

目的:探讨经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值。方法:选取2019年2月～2019年7月于我院进行自然分娩的产妇284例作为研究组,另选取同期于我院接受诊治的未育女性200例作为对照组。两组均进行经会阴二维超声检查,比较两组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的肛管直肠连接部(ARJ)、宫颈外口(CV)、尿道膀胱连接部(UVJ)的位置及运动变化情况,对比两组静息状态下以及最大Valsaval动作下盆底超声参数。结果:研究组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的CV距离水平参照线的垂直长度(CV-VD)、UVJ距离水平参照线的垂直长度(UVJ-VD)均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组张力期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均高于对照组,而缩肛期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组静息状态下膀胱颈位置(BNP)低于对照组,而膀胱尿道后角(PUA)高于对照组(均P0.05);研究组最大Valsaval动作下膀胱颈移动度(BND)、PUA、尿道旋转角(URA)均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:经会阴二维超声可对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能进行有效观察,有助于评估女性盆底结构、功能变化,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

基于磁驱动技术的空肠营养管的设计

目的:为解决目前床旁鼻肠管快速置入成功率低这一临床难题,该文提出一种基于磁驱动技术的空肠营养管的设计。方法:分析了现有空肠营养管置管过程中的动力因素,结合磁驱动技术原理,提出了通过体外旋转磁场带动体内感应磁体螺旋式前进的设计方案,以期缩短空肠营养管的飘管时间。结果:该设计包括磁性空肠营养管和体外磁力驱动装置两部分。其中磁性空肠营养管由管体和感应磁头两部分构成,感应磁头包括磁体内核和硅胶外壳。磁力驱动装置由多极磁体和手持式微型电机组成。操作时通过体外磁力驱动装置发出大旋转磁场带动空肠营养管的感应磁头做轴向旋转运动,可加速空肠营养管在肠道内的移动,达到缩短飘管时间的目的。结论:该设计基于磁驱动技术原理,设计巧妙,符合磁力学原理,操作简单,具有临床应用潜力。     

不同农药对木瓜秀粉蚧的毒力及复配增效作用

为筛选对入侵害虫木瓜秀粉蚧毒力较好的农药及复配增效配比,为该虫的化学药剂防治提供理论依据,本文采用叶面喷雾法测定了11种农药对木瓜秀粉蚧2龄若虫的室内毒力,挑选毒力较好的两种药剂进行复配,筛选增效配比,并进行田间药效试验。结果表明,11种农药对木瓜秀粉蚧的毒力大小依次为:螺螨酯>哒螨灵>噻虫胺>联苯菊酯>矿物油>高效氯氰菊酯>炔螨特>啶虫脒>吡虫啉>噻螨酮>四螨嗪。哒螨灵与螺螨酯(60∶40)复配共毒系数最大,为182.47。田间药效试验发现,混配药剂防效均高于单剂且达到差异显著。     

不同生育期玉米上草地贪夜蛾的发生为害规律

2019年在广东湛江、江门调查了玉米上草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)发生为害动态,分析了不同生育期玉米上该虫发生为害差异规律。发现各个地区草地贪夜蛾的虫口数量与玉米受害程度存在较大差异,呈现不均衡性;该虫对玉米苗期为害最严重,其次为大喇叭口期;建立了2个地区玉米6个生育期受害率与虫口数量之间的线性回归模型。研究结果可为草地贪夜蛾监测预警及防控提供参考。     

Three‐dimensional ring‐oven washing technique for a paper‐based immunodevice

Washing is a standard step for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) performed on a paper‐based chip, in which nonspecific‐binding antibodies and antigens should be removed completely from the paper surface. In this study, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) washing strategy using a heating ring‐oven was carried out on a paper‐based chip. Compared with a plane washing mode by a ring‐oven, this 3D washing strategy obtained a lower background, as gravity played an important role in the washing step. The paper‐based chip was placed on a 3D plastic holder and the waste area was connected to a heating ring. Use of a heating waste area meant that the nonspecific‐binding protein was continuously carried to the waste area through gravity and capillary action. The angle between the plastic holder and the ring plane was carefully selected. The effect of washing on different parts of the detection area was investigated by upconversion fluorescence and chemiluminescence (CL). This novel 3D washing strategy was performed for carcinoembryonic antigen detection through CL and a lower detection limit of 2 pg ml^?1 was obtained. This approach provides an effective washing strategy to remove nonspecific‐binding antibody from a paper‐based immunodevice.     

西番莲采后品质劣变及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

西番莲(Passiflora caerulea)是一种营养丰富的热带亚热带特色水果,采后易发生果实品质劣变现象,是制约采后西番莲果实保鲜期的重要因素。本文就西番莲采后果实褶皱及失重、果皮色泽变化、营养物质含量减少和采后病害发生等品质劣变机理,及其低温、热处理、包装、1-MCP、多糖和化学保鲜剂等西番莲果实采后保鲜技术的国内外相关研究进行综述,以期为维持西番莲果实贮藏品质、延长果实保鲜期提供指导。     

The enantiomer pair of 24S- and 24R-hydroxycholesterol differentially alter activity of large-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ (slo1 BK) channel

24S-hydroxycholesterol (HC) is most abundant oxysterols in the brain, passes through blood brain barrier, and is therefore regarded as an intermediary for brain cholesterol elimination. We reported that large-conductance Ca²⁺- and voltage-activated K⁺ (slo1 BK) channels are suppressed by this oxysterol, which is presumably intercalated into cell membrane to access the outer surface of the channel. Such an outer approach would make it difficult to interact with the inner, ion-conducting part of the channel. The present findings showed that 24R-HC, the racemic counterpart of 24S-HC, also suppressed slo1 BK channel but in a different voltage-dependent manner. There was a difference between the effects of the two enantiomers on activation kinetics but not on deactivation kinetics. It is suggested that the chirality contributes to the efficacy of channel blockers that act from outer lipophilic parts of channels, as with those which act on the inner, ion-permeable surface.     

湖南蓝山县端午药市的瑶药调查

中国南方一些少数民族地区民间“端午药市”流传至今,体现了民族医药的独具特色及其深远影响。为了解瑶族端午药市交易现状和发掘民族医药传统知识,采用民族植物学等方法对湖南省蓝山县端午药市进行调查,完成包括基原、地方名、药用部位、用途和用法、出现频度等内容的药用植物编目。结果表明:蓝山县端午药市药用植物种类丰富,共收集鉴定103科 222属262种,药用植物种类广泛分布于各科和各属中,其中种类较多的科有五加科(11种)、茜草科(11种)、菊科(11种)、百合科(10种)、唇形科(9种)、蝶形花科(8种)、芸香科(7种)。药市药浴植物畅销且种类多样,达94种,占总数的35.9%,体现瑶族在治疗疾病上以预防保健为主的理念。经统计药市上均未被国家药典和地方标准收录的药用植物有131种,占总数的50.2%,成为发掘新药源、新用途的潜在资源。对端午药市售药者年龄的调查发现,售药者的年龄主要集中在50～59岁间,占总人数的67%,40岁以下的仅占总人数的3%,可见民族药用传统知识的传承存在传承人老龄化、潜在传承人数量锐减的现象。此外,还对药市交易药用植物的种类组成和民族药用特色进行分析,探讨了端午药市对药用传统知识保护与传承的影响,并对蓝山端午药市的可持续发展提出了建议。