Optimal stomatal conductance in relation to photosynthesis in climatically contrasting Eucalyptus species under drought

Models of stomatal conductance (g_s) are based on coupling between g_s and CO₂ assimilation (A_net), and it is often assumed that the slope of this relationship (‘g₁’) is constant across species. However, if different plant species have adapted to different access costs of water, then there will be differences in g₁ among species. We hypothesized that g₁ should vary among species adapted to different climates, and tested the theory and its linkage to plant hydraulics using four Eucalyptus species from different climatic origins in a common garden. Optimal stomatal theory predicts that species from sub‐humid zones have a lower marginal water cost of C gain, hence lower g₁ than humid‐zone species. In agreement with the theory that g₁ is related to tissue carbon costs for water supply, we found a relationship between wood density and g₁ across Eucalyptus species of contrasting climatic origins. There were significant reductions in the parameter g₁ during drought in humid but not sub‐humid species, with the latter group maintaining g₁ in drought. There are strong differences in stomatal behaviour among related tree species in agreement with optimal stomatal theory, and these differences are consistent with the economics involved in water uptake and transport for carbon gain.     

蒙药材莲座蓟化学成分的研究

从莲座蓟(Cirsium Esculentum C.A.Mey)植物的根及根茎中分离得到6个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、5,7-二羟基-6,4’-二甲氧基黄酮(2)、刺槐素(3)、β-胡萝卜苷(4)、蒙花苷(5)、绿原酸(6)。上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts prevent high glucose-induced endothelia dysfunction via PKC and NF-κB inhibition

In our study, it has been detected in vivo and in vitro that GSPE reversed high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. It is shown that by western blotting detection, GSPE significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose while there was significant decrease of the expression of PKC with GSPE intervention. By adding the NF-κB blocker PDTC and the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31(10^?6 M), no significant difference was found in the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 among GSPE group, the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31-added GSPE group and the PDTC-added GSPE group. So the conclusion could be drawn that PKC inhibition must be involved in GSPE decreasing the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.We proved for the first time that GSPE prevented high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by PKC and NF-κB inhibition. These findings show a novel mechanism of the action GSPE preventing endothelial dysfunction, which may have clinical application values.     

伤口分泌物的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的调查福建省龙岩市第二医院伤口分泌物病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为合理应用抗生素提供依据。方法收集2012年1月至2013年5月患者伤口分泌物标本,采用常规方法进行分离培养,用VITEK-2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪系统进行鉴定及药敏分析。结果送检503份标本,培养阳性272份,阳性率为54. 1% ;病原菌检出343株,其中革兰阴性菌189株占55. 1%,革兰阳性菌151株占44.0%,真菌3株占0.9% ;前5位的病原菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）的检出率分别是30.4%、82. 1%。粪肠球菌中耐高浓度氨基糖苷类肠球菌（HLAR）的检出率为55%。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、替加环素、利奈唑胺未出现耐药菌株。铜绿假单胞菌、肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为5. 6%、0。大肠埃希菌中超广谱P-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的检出率是42.9%。鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率最低为25.0%,对其他抗菌药物耐药严重,多数抗菌药物的耐药率均〉45%。结论伤口感染的主要病原菌是革兰阴性菌,多重耐药菌株比例较高,临床应根据药敏结果合理选用抗生素,减少新的耐药菌株出现。     

尿液中奇异变形杆菌耐药性变迁及监测分析

目的了解尿液中奇异变形杆菌临床分布及耐药性变迁情况,为临床医生合理选用抗生素提供理论依据。方法收集2008年至2012年住院及门诊患者尿液标本中分离的215株奇异变形杆菌,采用VITEK2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪进行鉴定及药敏试验,采用WH0NET 5.4软件进行统计分析。结果2008、2009、2010、2011和2012年分离奇异变形杆菌分别为26株（占12. 2% ）、26株（占12.2% ）、36株（占16. 9% ）、55株（占25. 8% ）和72株（占33. 8% ）,总计215株。奇异变形杆菌对呋喃妥因的耐药率最高,均〉90%,对丁胺卡那霉素和美洛培南的耐药率最低,均为0%,对左旋氧氟沙星的耐药率在2008？2011年均〉50% ,2012年为28.1% ;对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率在2008 - 2009年均〉20%,而2010-2012年均〈5% ;头孢替坦、舒普深耐药率均〈7%。结论奇异变形杆菌的分离率从2008 -2012年呈日益增长趋势,提醒我们随着临床上大量使用抗生素,医院的感染率亦不断上升。耐药率从2008-2011年基本呈上升趋势,而在2012年有所下降,这可能与近几年本院临床严格执行抗菌药物的合理应用有关。     

广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献

以广州地区村边风水林为研究对象,选取了67个风水林斑块,并在每个斑块内建立了一个20m×20m的样方,调查了其胸径大于1cm的植物组成。首先以种面积关系外推法和非参数法估计了风水林群落对区域生物多样性的贡献;然后以加法准则拆分了gamma多样性,以分析风水林群落物种组成的异质性;最后根据每个风水林群落的物种丰富度、稀有种(在所有群落中只出现一次的物种)数目和谱系多样性分析了在保护中需要优先考虑的区域。结果发现：（1）广州地区风水林群落至少保存了32.74%的区域物种多样性;（2）gamma多样性(184)中绝大部分由beta多样性(163.43)构建,只有很小部分来自于alpha多样性(20.57)。这表明风水林群落在物种组成上具有较高的空间异质性,要想尽可能多地保护风水林内物种多样性,就需要尽可能多地保护风水林群落斑块;（3）相对于平原地区,位于山区的风水林群落具有更高的物种丰富度和谱系多样性以及更多的稀有种数目。在保护资金和土地资源有限的情况下,位于山区的风水林群落应该给予优先考虑。     

帕罗西汀血药浓度检测方法研究进展

帕罗西汀为5-羟色胺（5-HT）阻断药,具有起效快、疗效好、不良反应低等优点,为目前临床上常用抗抑郁症药物。帕罗西汀疗效和不良反应与该药血药浓度密切相关,并且个体差异性较大。因此,研究开发专一性强、灵敏度高的血药浓度检测方法十分必要,具有重要的临床和实践意义。本文综述帕罗西汀血药浓度检测时血样的前处理方法,同时对高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法检测帕罗西汀血药浓度进展进行论述,为该领域的临床合理用药和相关领域的研究提供借鉴。