福建省火炬松生长与环境因子的典型相关分析

运用典型相关分析等多元统计方法对福建省火炬松（Pinus taeda Linn.)人工林的生长与环境因子间的相互关系进行分析。结果表明,对地处亚热带的福建省而言,火炬松的生长性状除了与年龄、密度有关外,与年均温、≥10℃积温呈正相关,与年降水量呈负相关,从而为火炬松的栽培区划和生产力评价提供科学依据。     

羧化壳聚糖在蚊净香草组培中的应用研究

本文研究羧化壳聚糖在蚊净香草组培中的应用。试验结果表明,在诱导培养基中附加2 g/L羧化壳聚糖,有利于提高蚊净香草诱导率;附加4 g/L羧化壳聚糖,试管苗增殖率达6倍,且根系发达。     

两种木香型天然香料的化学成分

杉木（Ｃｕｎｍｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ）和圆柏（Ｓａｂｉｎａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌｉｎｎ．）Ａｎｔ．）分别为杉科和柏科的乔木。两种精油样品采自本所栽培植物的心材经蒸馏而得,其得率分别为：杉木油０５９０％,圆柏油０?..     

土壤可溶性无机磷对微生物生物量磷测定的干扰

对于可溶性无机磷含量高于50mg/kg土的土壤,薰蒸处理前必须去除这部分磷,否则将严重干扰微生物量磷的测定,讨论了去除土壤中可溶性无机磷的方法。     

白唇竹叶青蛇毒5′-核苷酸酶的分离纯化及性质

DEAE-SephadexA-25、Sephadex-G-100和CM-SephadexC-50三步柱层析分离法,从白唇竹叶青（Trimeresurus albolabris）蛇毒中分离纯化出具有5′-核苷酸酶活性的组分。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为48.03 kDa,HPLC柱层析图谱为单一峰。该组分是一个糖蛋白,以一磷酸腺苷（AMP）为底物时,其酶活力为330.33 μg Pi/（min·mg）;而以二磷酸腺苷（ADP）为底物时,其酶活力为123.56 μg Pi/（min·mg）。金属离子Zn²⁺、Fe³⁺和Cu²⁺对5′-核苷酸酶活性有显著的抑制作用,EDTA可完全抑制其酶活性。该酶的最适pH为9,最适温度为50℃。该组分还具有抑制由ADP诱导的血小板聚集的生物功能。     

玉米耐低磷种质资源的筛选与鉴定

大田种植条件下,在四川两个生态地区鉴定了76份玉米自交系的耐低磷能力。通过对主要农艺、经济性状耐低磷系数的变异系数、变异范围、平均值及其性状间的相关分析,结果表明子粒产量、株高、茎粗可作为玉米耐低磷基因型筛选和评价的指标。根据上述指标,发现178、RP125、99S2052．1、99S2052—2、2396等8个自交系在两试验点都表现出较好的耐低磷特性;978—2、郑58、9508B等21个自交系在两试验点都表现出低磷敏感特性;4783411—1、LC995、01$43、0922—3、S28等17个自交系对低磷胁迫的反应不稳定。研究发现玉米对低磷胁迫的反应易受温度、光照等环境因素的影响,并提出综合运用大田初筛与盆栽复筛、多年多点筛选以及分子水平上的鉴定是获得耐低磷基因型的必要途径。     

钙、硼对花生生长、产量和品质的影响

在土壤代换性钙和有效硼含量分别为0.84me/100g和0.163mg/kg的条件下,研究了施钙、施硼及钙、硼配施对花生生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用钙肥能提高花生的产量和品质;施用硼肥能改善品质,但在产量上却产生负效应;钙、硼配施也能提高产量,但主效应仍然是钙。施用钙硼肥料不但使花生成熟期植株中钙、硼含量提高,而且种植花生后土壤中的钙、硼残留量也明显增加。     

竞争和景观格局相互作用对外来入侵物种传播影响的动态模拟

通过中性景观模型和元胞自动机模型模拟了不同景观格局、不同竞争力和关键种群特征的外来入侵物种的传播动态,模拟结果表明:(1)竞争力强的外来入侵物种,可利用生境面积越大,集聚度越高,越有利于其入侵和传播,而对竞争力弱的外来入侵物种来说,可利用生境面积越小,越分散,越有利于其生存。竞争力强可以有效利用整块的高集聚度的资源,而弱竞争力的外来入侵物种为了逃避土著种的竞争往往趋向于分布在分散的小生境中;(2)可利用生境面积大于50%时,景观格局集聚度越小,竞争力弱的外来入侵物种适应环境的弛豫时间越长;(3)外来入侵物种的传播与种子产量呈正相关关系,与繁殖年龄呈负相关关系,拟合关系因景观格局和竞争而异;(4)平均迁移距离对外来入侵物种传播的影响最大,在管理过程中应根据不同的目标,不同的景观格局、竞争力和种群特征选择合适的管理措施。     

Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan

Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.