黑琥珀李引种试验及栽培技术要点

从生长结果特性、果实经济性状、花果生长物候期及抗逆性等方面,简要介绍黑琥珀李的生物学特性,并总结黑琥珀李的栽培技术。     

冷藏唐菖蒲切花瓶插过程中水分平衡及若干生理指标的变化

测定唐菖蒲新鲜切花和冷藏切花瓶插过程中的水分平衡、鲜重与某些生理指标的变化。结果表明,瓶插过程中,冷藏切花吸水和失水初时受阻,鲜重增加值大大低于新鲜切花;与瓶插同期的新鲜切花相比,冷藏切花各部位小花花瓣和苞片可溶性蛋白质明显降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显较高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均明显下降。对唐菖蒲切花冷藏后品质变劣的原因作了讨论。     

羽叶点地梅的化学成分

首次从中国特有的单属单种植物羽叶点地梅(Pomatosace filicula Maxim.)分离到13个化合物.应用波谱技术(尤其是2D-NMR:TOCSY,HMQC,HMBC)及化学方法鉴定了它们的结构.其中,化合物3为一新的三萜皂苷类化合物,其结构为13β,28-epoxy-16-oleananone-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside,命名为羽叶点地梅甲苷(pomatoside A).     

转基因插入对水稻花粉活力和杂交结实的影响

以花粉活力和杂交结实率评价转基因插入对水稻品种异交潜力的影响.选用含bar、crylAb、BADH和Xa21等4种基因的5份转基因水稻品系研究转基因插入对转基因受体品种花粉离体萌发率的影响.结果表明,不同受体品种花粉离体萌发率差异显著;转基因水稻花粉离体萌发率在0.416～0.584间,与受体品种(0.004～0.574)相近;转基因品种与相应受体品种间花粉离体萌发率差异不显著.对所选配的26个人工杂交组合杂种结实调查表明,bar、crylAb基因的插入对受体品种杂交结实率影响显著,而Xa21基因的插入对受体品种杂交结实率影响较小;转基因水稻品种(花粉供体)与非转基因水稻品种的杂交结实率变幅为0.056～0.13,在受体品种(花粉供体)与非转基因水稻品种的杂交结实率范围(0.052～0.417)之内.本研究花粉离体萌发和杂交结实结果表明转基因的插入对水稻品种异交潜力的影响甚微.     

淡水鱼类微囊藻毒素去毒酶基因的克隆

微囊藻毒素去毒酶在鱼类微囊藻毒素去毒过程中起着关键作用,研究成功克隆鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、鳜鱼、罗非鱼等淡水鱼类微囊藻毒素去毒酶基因cDNA核心片段而首次获得这些淡水鱼类微囊藻毒素去毒酶氨基酸序列。鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、鳜鱼、罗非鱼微囊藻毒素去毒酶基因与人、小鼠、大鼠、牛、猪、羊的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因氨基酸同源性为60%左右,表明淡水鱼类微囊藻毒素去毒酶基因在进化上变异性较大,与其承担微囊藻毒素去毒代谢之特殊功能相适应。     

Characteristics of the Ramet Population of Epimedium brevicornum and Analysis of Spatial Point Pattern for E. brevicornum and E. sagittatum

Epimedium brevicornum was sampled from Jinchengshan , a mountain of Nanchong , Sichuan province at altitudes of 560m, 653 m and 774m respectively for investigation of its ramet population variation. The results showed that the ramet population density decreased remarkably and its ratio of root to shoot increased with increasing elevation e. g, at 774 m the ratio of root to shoot was significantly higher than that at 560 m . The spatial distribution pattern of E . brevicornum at three different altitudes and E. sagittatum at the altitude 771 m were also investigated respectively with Congregation index (m*􊄯m) 、Clump index (I)、Cassie index (CA)、Dispersal index (C) and spatial point pattern analysis . The results revealed that the populations of E. brevicornum was clumped at all of the spatial scales , whereas the population of E. sagittatum was randomly distributed at the small spatial scales, and was clumped at the most spatial scales which ranged from 0. 1 m to 5 m . Finally , we discussed the protection of E . brevicornum and E. sagittatum and advantage to use point pattern analysis in the investigation of the spatial pattern of herb plant .     

兽药恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin)的水解特性

研究了恩诺沙星在不同pH、不同光照及不同微生物条件下的水解,为其生态风险评价提供依据.结果表明,恩诺沙星的水解产物中没有环丙沙星;50 ℃时,避光5 d后恩诺沙星在pH 1～10缓冲液中的水解都小于10%,表明恩诺沙星在恒温避光下的水解半衰期将超过1年,同时溶液pH值的变化对恩诺沙星的水解速率无显著影响;恩诺沙星在天然水中的降解与光照有关,在室外自然光照条件下恩诺沙星降解很快,3 d后水中已经检测不出恩诺沙星.在室内自然光下,恩诺沙星降解较慢,在初始浓度分别为0.05、0.2、1.0 mg·L^-1条件下,31 d试验期内分别降解了48%、72%和65%;在避光条件下,恩诺沙星非常稳定,不易降解.在不同初始浓度下,微生物对恩诺沙星的水解无显著影响.由于恩诺沙星在室外自然光照条件下会迅速降解,因此不会对水环境构成直接的危害,但不能忽视其潜在的生态风险.     

α-银环蛇毒素基因的克隆及其非融合型原核表达研究

根据文献报道α－银环蛇毒素的氨基酸序列推导出其DNA序列,设计并人工合成两两互补的14条寡核苷酸片段。经片段延伸、PCR、克隆,成功构建α-银环蛇毒素基因克隆质粒;质粒经XbaI和EcoRI双酶切回收后连接于表达载体pET28a(+)中,分别转化BL21（DE3）、BL21（DE3）Codonplus、BL21（DE3）plysS进行诱导表达,表达产物经Tris/tricine系统进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果表明：该基因已在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）宿主菌中进行了非融合表达,其表达量占细菌总蛋白的11.98％,主要以包涵体形式存在;同时对表达条件进行了优化,其表达量可达16.28%。经Westernblot分析,在大约8kDa处出现明显的目的带,与预计蛋白分子量大小一致,说明表达产物与天然α-银环蛇毒素具有相似的免疫原性。表达产物纯化、复性后经动物毒性试验表明：表达的α-银环蛇毒素蛋白具有生物学活性,小鼠腹腔注射其LD50约为1.28μg/g。     

Relationship between population genetic structure and riparian habitat as revealed by RAPD analysis of the rheophyte Acorus gramineus Soland. (Araceae) in Taiwan

Acorus gramineus Soland. (Araceae) is a rheophyte and is distributed in southeastern Asia. Its populations are restricted to riparian habitats. The discontinuous distribution might result in high genetic diversification among plants of different river systems. In the present study, leaf samples were collected from populations along six river systems in western Taiwan and the genetic variation was investigated by employing RAPD markers. A total of 255 samples from 17 sampling sites was studied. Eighty random 10-mer primers were screened and six of them, which showed better amplification results, were selected to analyse all of the samples. Data of 34 high-intensity and highly reproducible polymorphic fragments were used in statistical analyses. The results of AMOVA analyses indicated that, of the total variation, 46.84% was attributable to differences among river systems, 16.88% to differences among sampling sites within river systems, and 36.28% to differences among individuals within sampling sites. The results of cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that sampling sites of each river system formed distinct clusters and the sampling sites of six river systems were clustered into three main groups according to latitudinal relationships. The results of the present study indicated that the population genetic structure of the plants of different river systems is highly diversified, which seems to imply that the gene flow among them is very limited.     

盖膜期间沙糖橘果实品质变化规律的研究

在果实成熟的1~3月,采样分析盖膜和不盖膜沙糖橘果实品质。结果表明:树冠盖膜后沙糖橘果皮色泽一直保持橘红色,而不盖膜的果皮色泽由前期的橘红色转为后期的橘黄色,且色泽暗淡;盖膜处理果实的酸含量在开始的20d内呈上升趋势,1月28日出现最高值0.31%,此后的10d内迅速下降至低于对照的水平,2月7日出现最低值,此后的20d内上升高于对照,之后又下降至3月15日的0.19%;对照果实的酸含量呈现明显的下降趋势,1月7日出现最高值为0.26%,3月15日出现最低值为0.08%,盖膜处理果实的酸含量在大多数时间内高于对照;盖膜处理果实的可溶性固形物含量从1月17日的12.33%提高到3月15日的13.40%,提高了1.07个百分点,总体呈上升趋势,而对照的从1月17日的10.70%下降至3月15日的9.90%,下降了0.80个百分点,总体呈下降趋势。