甘精胰岛素在2型糖尿病围手术期对血糖控制的有效性、安全性和效益成本分析

目的:比较2型糖尿病围手术期患者使用甘精胰岛素和速效胰岛素控制血糖的有效性、安全性和效益成本分析.方法:对外科系统需要择期或限期手术的2型糖尿病患者随机给予甘精胰岛素组加速效胰岛素类似物或预混胰岛素类似物控制血糖.结果:两组患者达到了类似的空腹血糖控制,但甘精胰岛素组达标率更高、血糖达标时间短以及低血糖反应更少.尽管甘精胰岛素组患者胰岛素成本较高,但其糖尿病相关检查治疗成本、病房成本以及迭标总成本更低.结论:甘精胰岛素加速效胰岛素类似物可有效控制T2DM患者的围手术期血糖,缩短血糖达标时间,减少低血糖发生率低以及降低住院费用.     

Triptolide inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and induces cleavage and translocation of 14‐3‐3 epsilon

Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide derived from the traditional Chinese medical herb Tripterygium wilfordii. In the present study, we demonstrated that this phytochemical attenuated colon cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Using a proteomic approach, we found that 14‐3‐3 epsilon, a cell cycle‐ and apoptosis‐related protein, was altered in colon cancer cells treated with triptolide. In this regard, triptolide induced cleavage and perinuclear translocation of 14‐3‐3 epsilon. Taken together, our findings suggest that triptolide may merit investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer, and its anticancer action may be associated with alteration of 14‐3‐3 epsilon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Utility of Thoracic Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is an easy-to-use imaging modality that aids physicians in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases. However, no data exist on the TUS findings of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) or their clinical utility in patients with AEP. Thus, we performed an observational study on TUS findings and their clinical utility for follow-up in patients with AEP. We prospectively screened patients who visited the emergency department for acute respiratory symptoms at the Armed Forces Capital Hospital in South Korea between February 2014 and July 2014. Of them, patients suspected to have AEP underwent an etiological investigation, including flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and TUS, and we evaluated TUS findings and serial changes on TUS during the treatment course compared with those from chest radiographs. In total, 22 patients with AEP were identified. The TUS examinations reveled that all patients exhibited multiple diffuse bilateral B-lines and lung sliding, with (n = 5) or without pleural effusion, which was consistent with alveolar-interstitial syndrome. B-line numbers fell during the course of treatment, as the lines became thinner and fainter. A-lines were evident in 19 patients on day 7 of hospitalization, when B-lines had disappeared in 13 patients, and all pleural effusion had resolved. All patients exhibited complete ultrasonic resolution by day 14, along with clinicoradiological improvement. Chest radiographs of five patients taken on day 7 seemed to show complete resolution, but several abnormal B-lines were evident on TUS performed the same day. As a result, our data show common TUS findings of AEP and suggest that AEP may be included as a differential diagnosis when multiple diffuse bilateral B-lines with preserved lung sliding are identified on a TUS examination in patients with acute symptoms, and that TUS is a useful modality for evaluating the treatment response in patients with AEP.     

Molecular genetic study of human arginase deficiency

We have explored the molecular pathology in 28 individuals homozygous or heterozygous for liver arginase deficiency (hyperargininemia) by a combination of Southern analysis, western blotting, DNA sequencing, and PCR. This cohort represents the majority of arginase-deficient individuals worldwide. Only 2 of 15 homozygous patients on whom red blood cells were available had antigenically cross-reacting material as ascertained by western blot analysis using anti-liver arginase antibody. Southern blots of patient genomic DNAs, cut with a variety of restriction enzymes and probed with a near-full-length (1,450-bp) human liver arginase cDNA clone, detected no gross gene deletions. Loss of a TaqI cleavage site was identified in three individuals: in a homozygous state in a Saudi Arabian patient at one site, at a different site in homozygosity in a German patient, and in heterozygosity in a patient from Australia. The changes in the latter two were localized to exon 8, through amplification of this region by PCR and electrophoretic analysis of the amplified fragment after treatment with TaqI; the precise base changes (Arg291X and Thr290Ser) were confirmed by sequencing. It is interesting that the latter nucleotide variant (Thr290Ser) was found to lie adjacent to the TaqI site rather than within it, though whether such a conservative amino acid substitution represents a true pathologic mutation remains to be determined. We conclude that arginase deficiency, though rare, is a heterogeneous disorder at the genotypic level, generally encompassing a variety of point mutations rather than substantial structural gene deletions.     

High-quality genome assembly of Huazhan and Tianfeng,the parents of an elite rice hybrid Tian-you-hua-zhan

High-quality rice reference genomes have accelerated the comprehensive identification of genome-wide variations and research on functional genomics and breeding. Tian-you-hua-zhan has been a leading hybrid in China over the past decade. Here, de novo genome assembly strategy optimization for the rice indica lines Huazhan (HZ) and Tianfeng (TF), including sequencing platforms, assembly pipelines and sequence depth, was carried out. The PacBio and Nanopore platforms for long-read sequencing were utilized, with the Canu, wtdbg2, SMARTdenovo, Flye, Canu-wtdbg2, Canu-SMARTdenovo and Canu-Flye assemblers. The combination of PacBio and Canu was optimal, considering the contig N50 length, contig number, assembled genome size and polishing process. The assembled contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data, resulting in two “golden quality” rice reference genomes, and evaluated using the scaffold N50, BUSCO, and LTR assembly index. Furthermore, 42,625 and 41,815 non-transposable element genes were annotated for HZ and TF, respectively. Based on our assembly of HZ and TF, as well as Zhenshan97, Minghui63, Shuhui498 and 9311, comprehensive variations were identified using Nipponbare as a reference. The de novo assembly strategy for rice we optimized and the “golden quality” rice genomes we produced for HZ and TF will benefit rice genomics and breeding research, especially with respect to uncovering the genomic basis of the elite traits of HZ and TF.

     

Structure-activity relationship of 5'-substituted fluoro-neplanocin a analogues as potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

Four 5'-substituted fluoro-neplanocin A analogues la-d were designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activity against SAH was in the following order: NH2 > SH > F, N3, indicating a hydrogen bonding donor is essential for inhibitory activity.