硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症患者凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症患者凝血功能的影响。方法:选择陆军军医大学大坪医院麻醉科(我院)2018年6月至2019年6月收治的妊娠血小板减少症患者86例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各43例。研究组给予硬膜外腔麻醉,对照组给予全麻,观察和比较两组产妇麻醉前后凝血系统各项指标的变化情况。结果:研究组产妇在麻醉前、麻醉后0.5 h、术后0.5 h、术后24 h、术后48 h激活凝血酶时间(Activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)长于对照组(P<0.05)。两组产妇麻醉后纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen, FIB)和D-二聚体水平(D-dimer,D-D)较麻醉前显著升高,且对照组明显高于研究组(P<0.05)。两组产妇手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组产妇术后平均出血量和术后24 h平均出血量均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组新生儿出生1 min、5 min的Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:硬膜外腔麻醉对妊娠血小板减少症产妇的凝血功能影响较小,但麻醉起效快、效果确切,且可一定程度减少患者手术和术后出血量。     

Suppression of Natural Killer Cells by Sorafenib Contributes to Prometastatic Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was undertaken to determine whether the growth and metastasis of HCC were influenced in mice receiving sorafenib prior to implantation with tumors, and to investigate the in-vivo and in-vitro effect of sorafenib on natural killer (NK) cells. In sorafenib-pretreated BALB/c nu/nu mice and C57BL/6 mice, tumor growth was accelerated, mouse survival was decreased, and lung metastasis was increased. However, the depletion of NK1.1⁺ cells in C57BL/6 mice eliminated sorafenib-mediated pro-metastatic effects. Sorafenib significantly reduced the number of NK cells and inhibited reactivity of NK cells against tumor cells, in both tumor-bearing and tumor-free C57BL/6 mice. Sorafenib down-regulated the stimulatory receptor CD69 in NK cells of tumor-bearing mice, but not in tumor-free mice, and inhibited proliferation of NK92-MI cells, which is associated with the blocking of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and inhibited cytotoxicity of NK cells in response to tumor targets, which was due to impaired ERK phosphorylation. These results suggest immunotherapeutic approaches activating NK cells may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients.     

Function of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Supporting Cells in Neural Progenitor Cell Maturation and Long Term Cxpansion

Background

In the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into neurons using the 5-stage method, cells in stage 4 are in general used as neural progenitors (NPs) because of their ability to give rise to neurons. The choice of stage 4 raises several questions about neural progenitors such as the type of cell types that are specifically considered to be neural progenitors, the exact time when these progenitors become capable of neurogenesis and whether neurogenesis is an independent and autonomous process or the result of an interaction between NP cells and the surrounding cells.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In this study, we found that the confluent monolayer cells and neural sphere like cell clusters both appeared in the culture of the first 14 days and the subsequent 6 weeks. However, only the sphere cells are neural progenitors that give rise to neurons and astrocytes. The NP cells require 14 days to mature into neural lineages fully capable of differentiation. We also found that although the confluent monolayer cells do not undergo neurogenesis, they play a crucial role in the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of the sphere cells, during the first 14 days and long term culture, by secreted factors and direct cell to cell contact.

Conclusions/Significance

The sphere cells in stage 4 are more committed to developing into neural progenitors than monolayer cells. Interaction between the monolayer cells and sphere cells is important in the development of stage 4 cell characteristics.     

明纹柏松毛虫各龄幼虫取食量和排粪量

观察明纹柏松毛虫Dendrolimus suffuscus illustratus Lajonquiere各龄幼虫取食习性和排粪规律,测量各龄幼虫的取食量和排粪量.结果表明,1)明纹柏松毛虫幼虫多为8个龄期,幼虫全期取食,主要在夜间进食,取食量和排粪量随着幼虫龄期的增大而增加,其中第7龄和第8龄幼虫的平均取食量和排粪量...     

基层医院哮喘的规范化治疗初探

目的：了解临床工作实践中支气管哮喘防治指南（GINA方案）在基层医院的实施情况及遇到的问题并提出今后解决办法。方法：对门诊及病房住院的患者进行调查研究,采用统一设计的表格、问卷及必要的检查,对结果进行统计和分析。结果：正规治疗与非正规治疗的患者的花费情况具有明显差别,差异具有统计学意义。当地91．2％支气管哮喘曾经误诊为慢性支气管炎。治疗不规范,曾吸入激素治疗的占全部患者的18．1％,曾经和正在口服私人配制的平喘药物（粉剂或胶囊）的占65．8％;病情复发时给予输液、利用抗生素治疗的占73．6％;给予大剂量激素、不规范治疗（包括长期用激素治疗、不逐渐减量）治疗的78．7％;结论：当地哮喘治疗还存在很多问题,形式非常严峻,有待于进一步加大GINA治疗方案的推广。     

米诺环素对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察米诺环素对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经细胞的凋亡的影响,研究米诺环素对糖尿病视网膜神经保护作用,对米诺环素在糖尿病视网膜疾病中抑制神经细胞凋亡提供理论支持。方法:选择健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和米诺环素治疗组,每组10只。腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发大鼠糖尿病。米诺环素治疗组给予米诺环素腹腔注射(45mg/kg),共注射10d,模型组和对照组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,于给药后8周的3组动物处死,冰浴下取其视网膜组织,随后制备视网膜石蜡切片,采用末端脱氧核糖核酸介导生物素化脱氧尿嘧啶缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法进行凋亡细胞原位标记,行视网膜神经细胞凋亡计数,对所有数据进行统计学分析。实验结果拟用均数和标准差(x±s)表示,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:相同观察时相,与阴性对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠视网膜TUNEL阳性细胞显著增多(P<0.01),在米诺环素组,大鼠视网膜TUNEL阳性细胞数比模型对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:米诺环素能有效降低糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经细胞的凋亡,对糖尿病视网膜神经细胞有保护作用。     

嗜酸乳杆菌胞壁粗提物及DNA对实验性结肠炎结肠上皮NF-κB 表达的影响

目的:研究嗜酸乳杆菌BCW和DNA对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠粘膜上皮NF-κB表达的影响。方法:雌性BABL/c小鼠40只随机分为正常组、嗜酸乳杆菌BCW组、嗜酸乳杆菌DNA组和生理盐水对照组,除正常组小鼠外,其余各组自由饮用1.5%DSS7天建立小鼠结肠炎模型,随即给予嗜酸乳杆菌BCW(20ug/10g)、嗜酸乳杆菌DNA(0.2ug/10g)和生理盐水灌肠7天,每天观察小鼠情况,实验结束时处死小鼠,去结肠组织行HE染色观测结肠炎症情况,并行结肠上皮NF-κB免疫组化。结果:饮用DSS小鼠DAI积分显著增高,结肠组织粘膜破坏、炎症细胞浸润,结肠上皮NF-κB表达增加(9.15±0.43),嗜酸乳杆菌BCW和DNA能降低小鼠DAI积分,减轻粘膜损伤,降低结肠上皮NF-κB的表达(4.67±0.56/6.03±0.60)。结论:嗜酸乳杆菌BCW和DNA能缓解急性溃疡性结肠炎,降低结肠上皮NF-κB的表达。     

主动脉缩窄术模型小鼠成模早期评价技术

目的利用超声多普勒技术分析建立主动脉缩窄小鼠模型早期评价方法。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠经开胸手术结扎主动脉弓,获得理论直径为0.4 mm的无名动脉远端主动脉弓重建血管;超声多普勒分析重建小鼠主动脉弓及其分支内血流流速,分析小鼠主动脉重建情况;记录小鼠生存情况,Spss16.0软件Kaplan-Meier curves分析小鼠存活率;将术后1周多普勒血流分析数据与术后4周左室壁厚度做相关性分析;生物信息学总结分析国内外立该模型的技术与评价,综合分析建立主动脉缩窄小鼠模型的超声多普勒早期评价方法,为相关研究者提供参考。结果术后8周时重建组(TAC)小鼠存活率为85.0%(n=40),而假手术组(Sham)小鼠存活率为96.4%(n=28);小鼠术后1周超声多普勒检测无名动脉血流/左颈总动脉血流比值(IA/LCCA)大于5.9时,术后4周舒张期左室后壁厚度(LVPWD)显著增厚占比达100%;IA/LCCA于5.9～10.7之间时与LVPWD成线性相关,当IA/LCCA大于10.7时线性关系下降,LVPWD增大趋势变缓。结论 TAC小鼠术后1周时使用多普勒血流分析,IA/LCCA比值大于5.9时,术后4周小鼠LVPWD即发生显著增厚,超声多普勒血流分析可以作为模型是否成功的早期评价方法。     

扇脉杓兰和无距虾脊兰的核型分析

为了解扇脉杓兰(Cypripedium japonicum Thunb.)和无距虾脊兰(Calanthe tsoongiana T. Tang et F. T. Wang)的核型,采用根尖压片法对扇脉杓兰和无距虾脊兰的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果表明,扇脉杓兰体细胞的染色体数为22,核型公式为2n=2x=22=16m+2sm+2st+2t,染色体相对长度组成为2n=22=2L+6M2+12M1+2S,核不对称系数为60.01%,核型分类为2B型;而无距虾脊兰体细胞的染色体数为40,核型公式为2n=2x=40=28m+10sm+2st,染色体相对长度组成为2n=40=8L+10M2+16M1+6S,核不对称系数为59.84%,核型分类为2B型;两者核型都较为对称。其中,无距虾脊兰的核型为首次报道。这为扇脉杓兰和无距虾脊兰的进化地位和种质保护提供了细胞学证据。     

紫背天葵MBW相关调控因子转录组测序分析

为获取紫背天葵(Cynura bicolor)花青素合成相关转录调控因子MBW家族基因,采用二代高通量测序技术进行全转录功能基因组测序后组装,再通过Pfam、Swiss Prot和Nr数据库搜索,共获得138个MBW相关Unigene,分别有42个MYB、67个b HLH、15个b HLH-MYB和14个WD40,其中目前已报道与花青素合成代谢相关的MYB、b HLH、b HLH-MYB和WD40分别为11、33、6和3个。这为进一步研究紫背天葵花青素合成的调控机理和相关基因克隆等奠定基础。