甘草细胞在搅拌式生物反应器中的放大培养

在建立了稳定的甘草细胞搅拌式生物反应器放大培养体系的基础上,本文研究了甘草细胞在搅拌式反应器中悬浮培养的生长特性,包括细胞生长、细胞膜的透性、培养体系的p H变化及甘草黄酮合成情况等,并与摇瓶培养作比较。结果发现,同等条件下,反应器中培养细胞生物量的积累低于摇瓶培养,整个培养周期较摇瓶培养缩短。培养过程中同一时间段反应器中的p H值略低于摇瓶中的p H,细胞中H2O2的浓度是摇瓶中的1.8倍,甘草黄酮的产量是摇瓶培养的1.5倍,表明反应器中机械搅拌与流体剪切的培养环境对细胞生长起到一定程度的抑制作用,但刺激了细胞次生代谢产物甘草黄酮较高水平的合成。     

系统性疾病治疗与口腔病灶感染

口腔病灶被证实与许多系统性疾病的发生及发展有很大的相关关系,全身系统性疾病的治疗又会加重口腔病灶的感染,影响患者的生存质量,干扰系统性疾病的治疗,严重则造成全身感染。可能诱发或加重口腔病灶感染的系统性疾病治疗有:口服抗癫痫药物、免疫抑制剂等药物导致的药物性牙龈炎;恶性肿瘤放化疗并发的口腔黏膜炎;长期应用抑制肿瘤骨转移或预防骨质疏松的双磷酸盐造成的颌骨坏死;异基因造血干细胞移植后的口腔排异反应等。     

双季超级早稻分蘖期温度适宜性指标

采用2012—2013年江西南昌室内人工气候箱温度控制处理和田间栽培资料,通过对分蘖速率、叶面积、生物量、穗粒数、结实率、空秕率、理论产量等要素与气温进行相关分析,对超级早稻分蘖温度适宜性指标进行了研究。结果表明:超级早稻分蘖盛期,适宜温度范围为26~28℃,最适温度为27℃;分蘖后期,适宜温度范围为25~27℃,最适温度为26℃;分蘖不适宜低温指标为18.5℃,高温指标为35.8℃;双季超级稻种植区可根据分蘖期的温度指标,合理安排播种期,预防低温冷害。     

大蒜芥属一新变种

发表了大蒜芥属一新变种,无毛全叶大蒜芥(Sisymbrium luteum (Maxim.)O. E. Schulz var. glabrum F. Z. Li et Z. Y. Sun.)。     

石羊河尾闾绿洲的景观变化与生态恢复对策

利用G IS技术和景观结构分析软件FRAG STATS,在对民勤湖区绿洲景观格局动态变化以及土地利用格局的空间转化分析的基础上,从水资源利用以及政策和市场经济等方面分析了湖区景观变化的驱动因素,结果表明:(1)耕地和沙地斑块数量减少,平均斑块面积增加,空间连片趋势加剧;蔓延度指数变大,边缘密度和多样性指数降低;(2)沙地和耕地面积分别增加5171.85 hm2和2640.33hm2,它们的增加以牺牲林、草地为代价;(3)湖区地表水净利用量近10a来降幅达50%,到20世纪90年代后期仅有0.22×108m3,使得地下水净利用量近年来年均高达0.80×108m3;(4)以耐盐性较强的经济作物占绝对优势的单一经济结构,降低了农业生产对市场风险的抵御能力,农户收入急剧下降。通过以上分析,提出了湖区生态恢复途径与措施。     

小麦TaMlo基因的原核表达、抗体制备及细胞化学分析(简报)

白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis)是一类高度专化性的寄生真菌,可侵染650多种单子叶植物和 9000多种双子叶植物,能够引起多种麦类作物的白粉病,给农业生产带来巨大的损失。由于白粉病菌生理小种多、变异快,所以利用专化性抗病基因难以解决植物的持久抗病性问题。人们在研究大麦白粉病时．发现大麦Mlo基因的隐性突变可导致大麦对绝大多数白粉病菌生理小种的高效持久的广谱抗病性。Schulze-Lefert等多家实验室合作于1997年成功克隆了野生的 Mlo基因。进一步研究表明．该基因编码一种植物特有的具有7个跨膜区和羧基端长尾的膜蛋白(Mlo),它可能对植物细胞的坏死起负调控作用。但Mlo基因如何表达及其在白粉病菌发育中的作用机制尚不清楚。     

山西马身猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因的PCR-RFLP检测

运用PCR-RFLP法检测马身猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因多态性。结果表明,马身猪在Hinf Ⅰ-RFLP位点上有HH和Hh两种基因型,在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上只有DD基因型,在HinfⅠ*-RFLP位点上有BB和Bb两种基因型,等位基因以h、D、B占优势,其频率分别为0．958、1．000和0．968。其杂交后代在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上只检测到两种基因型DD和Dd。     

不同光强对入侵种三裂叶豚草表型可塑性的影响

通过人工遮光,研究了不同光照强度下入侵植物三裂叶豚草的形态、生物量分配以及光合特性的表型可塑性.结果表明:与对照相比,遮光条件下,三裂叶豚草的株高、冠宽、单株叶面积、比叶面积和叶生物量比重显著增加,总生物量、单位叶面积生物量和根冠比减小;在全光照条件下,其冠宽和单株叶面积较小,根冠比较大,有利于高温强光下减少水分散失,表现出对不同光强较强的形态和生物量可塑性.遮光使三裂叶豚草叶片的日均净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度下降,胞间CO2浓度上升.正午光照最强时,低遮光处理植株的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度最大.中遮光和高遮光条件下,其叶绿素含量显著增加,叶绿素a/b显著减小,有利于提高三裂叶豚草的光能利用效率,以适应弱光环境.     

The expression,function and regulation of mitochondrial alternative oxidase under biotic stresses

To survive, plants possess elaborate defence mechanisms to protect themselves against virus or pathogen invasion. Recent studies have suggested that plant mitochondria may play an important role in host defence responses to biotic stresses. In contrast with animal mitochondria, plant mitochondria possess a unique respiratory pathway, the cyanide‐insensitive alternative pathway, which is catalysed by the alternative oxidase (AOX). Much work has revealed that the genes encoding AOX, AOX protein and the alternative respiratory pathway are frequently induced during plant–pathogen (or virus) interaction. This raises the possibility that AOX is involved in host defence responses to biotic stresses. Thus, a key to the understanding of the role of mitochondrial respiration under biotic stresses is to learn the function and regulation of AOX. In this article, we focus on the theoretical and experimental progress made in the current understanding of the function and regulation of AOX under biotic stresses. We also address some speculative aspects to aid further research in this area.     

Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production,mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: implications for ecosystem C cycling

Fine root production and turnover play important roles in regulating carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to examine effects of climate change on root production and turnover, a field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation had been conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China since April 2005. Experimental warming decreased annual root production, mortality, and mean standing crop by 10.3%, 12.1%, 7.0%, respectively, while root turnover was not affected in 2006 and 2007 by the warming. Annual root production and turnover was 5.9% and 10.3% greater in the elevated than ambient precipitation plots. Changes in root production and mortality in response to increased temperature and precipitation could be largely attributed to the changes in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and belowground/aboveground C allocation. There were significant interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop. Experimental warming had positive and negative effects on the three root variables (root production, mortality, standing crop) under ambient and increased precipitation, respectively. Increased precipitation stimulated and suppressed the three root variables in the unwarmed and warmed subplots, respectively. The positive dependence of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration upon root productivity and mortality highlights the important role of root dynamics in ecosystem C cycling. The nonadditive effects of increased temperature and precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop observed in this study are critical for model projections of climate–ecosystem feedbacks. These findings indicate that carbon allocation is a focal point for future research and that results from single factor experiments should be treated with caution because of factor interactions.