中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究 Ⅱ.鲴亚科四种鱼的染色体组型

鲴亚科(Xenocyprininae)鱼类多为中小型鱼类,常见于江河湖泊等较宽阔的水域中,我国长江、黑龙江、黄河及珠江诸流域皆有分布,共有10种,隶属4个属(伍献文等,1964)。迄今尚未见有该亚科鱼类染色体组型的研究报道。本文是对其中三属四种鱼的染色体组型的观察结果。这四种鱼是银鲴(Xenocypris argentea)、黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)、细鳞斜颌鲴(Plagiognathops microlepis)和逆鱼(Acanthobrama simoni)。其中黄尾鲴和细鳞斜颌鲴均为新的淡水养殖鱼(沈德长等,1981;陈楚星,1979)。     

辽宁省啮齿动物的地理区划

辽宁省的啮齿动物,过去曾在局部地区进行过调查(伍律等,1958;董谦等,1962;林兰泉等,1965),我站自1961年以来对全省作了较为全面的调查工作。关于啮齿动物的地理区划问题,肖增祜等(1978)曾作过区划拟议,将辽宁省初步划分为三个动物地理省(辽东山地丘陵省、辽西山地丘陵省、辽河平原省)。本文根据1958—1981年全省啮齿动物的调查资料,将辽宁省划分为五个啮齿动物地理省,现作如下叙述和讨论。     

Hypotensive and vasodilatory activity of (+/-) 1-o-octadecyl-2-acetyl glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine in the normotensive rat

Synthetic (+/-) 1-O-octadecyl-2-acetyl-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (octadecyl-AGPC) in microgram/kg doses given intravenously effectively and potently lowered mean arterial blood pressure in conscious and anesthetized normotensive rats. The hypotensive activity was much more pronounced in the anesthetized rat than in the conscious rat. The hypotension was associated with a significant elevation in plasma renin activity (PRA). In the rat in which the hindquarters were perfused, octadecyl-AGPC given intraarterially effectively decreased the perfusion and systemic pressures in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacological blockade with specific cholinergic, histaminergic or beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, did not block or attenuate the octadecyl-AGPC-induced reduction in perfusion or systemic pressure. These results suggest that the hypotensive activity of octadecyl-AGPC in the normotensive rat is the result of direct vasodilation and not the result of cholinergic, histaminergic or beta-adrenergic receptor interaction.     

Some factors affecting spore replication of Nosema algerae (Microspora,Nosematidae) in Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera)

The production of Nosema algerae spores was examined in Pieris brassicae. Spore replication in the insect host followed a logistic pattern of development. The factors studied which affected spore production and replication were dose level (5 × 10², 5 × 10³, and 5 × 10⁴ spores per insect), larval instar (fourth and fifth), and cool pretreatment of the insects at 20°C prior to inoculation compared with a constant temperature of 26°C. A three-way analysis showed the interactions between these factors. The logistic pattern of spore replication was used to explain the results.     

Comparison of ultrafiltration systems for concentration of biologicals

Ultrafiltration has been used with increasing frequency in recent years in biological laboratories for concentration, separation or purification of biological material. No data have been available on the comparison of the characteristics of Ultrafiltration systems currently in use. This study compares the filtration characteristics of four systems using commercially available membranes on suspensions and solutions: suspension of protein micelles (casein), cell debris (E. coli) and catalase solution. None of the four systems considered is found to be generally superior for all the suspensions and solutions. Vibration systems were most effective when relatively large particles were involved, while laminar flow recycling systems with high wall shear rates were best for dilute suspensions and proteins in solution. It was found that shearing inactivates enzymes in both recycle and vibration systems. It was also observed that vibration actually reduces flux in dilute solutions.     

Burning-Feet Syndrome: Case Due to Malabsorption and Responding to Riboflavine

A woman with the burning-feet syndrome was found on investigation to have malabsorption. The syndrome responded rapidly to intramuscular injections of 6 mg. of riboflavine daily. It is suggested that deficiency of this substance, due to malabsorption and aggravated by a defective diet and repeated pregnancies, was responsible for the syndrome in this case.     

我国新蚤属斯氏组(stevensi group of Neopsylla)的分类研究及新种新亚种记述(Siphonaptera:Hystrichopsyllidae)

我国的新蚤属已知有18个种和亚种,其中有12种和亚种属于多毛组,6种属于斯氏组。著者等今整理了从云南、贵州、福建和陕西四省所得到的斯氏组新蚤,除尊新蚤和异种新蚤未获得以外共记述了10种和亚种。其中无规新蚤和福建新蚤为已知种,不同新蚤为我国新记录,均作了补充记述。另外还发现了斯氏新蚤的雌性。本种系Rothschild 氏于1915年根据采自尼泊尔-锡金边境的一只雄蚤而记述。至1932年Jordan氏根据从四川得到的标本记述了雌性形态。本文根据从云南获得的雌雄性标本,重新记述了雌性形态,并由于早先文献中证据的不足和结论的可疑提出Jordan氏1932年记述的雌蚤并非本种,可能是其他种新蚤的雌性。 本文记述了两个斯氏组的新种:1)相关新蚤新种,采自云南中甸 Apodemus agrarius;2)二毫新蚤新种,采自云南中甸 A.agrarius(?E.proditor)。另外,对特新蚤进行了种下分类,提出特新蚤乃一多型物种,根据其种群特征将所得标本分别订为三个地理亚种:(1)云南大理的为特特新蚤;贵阳的为贵阳特新蚤;福建的为闽北特新蚤。 最后编制了我国斯氏组新蚤12个种和亚种的分类检索表。     

我国恙虫蚴的三个新种(蜱螨目, 恙虫科)

近几年来,我国科学家们在恙虫方面的研究工作巳经取得了显著的成就。然而,这对于拥有辽阔疆土的我国来说,实在只不过是一个开始。我们在这方面的工作也做得很少,虽然从1953年开始收集标本,由于各种条件所限制,未能及时整理,以致大量标本散失或霉烂,十分可惜。本文内容,仅仅是将我站恙虫病调研工作组1957年在本省各地所采集的材料中的三种恙虫蚴加以描述,该三种恙虫蚴均系文献上未曾记载过的种类。