肌动蛋白基因和β-微管蛋白基因用于真黏菌系统发育的可行性研究

真黏菌是一类独特的菌物。目前对其进行的系统发育研究主要是基于形态特征,分子水平的系统发育研究上小亚基核糖体RNA基因和蛋白质合成延长因子基因研究相对较多。为了扩充能有效地进行真黏菌系统发育研究的基因资源,探讨了肌动蛋白基因和β-微管蛋白基因用于真黏菌系统发育的可行性。共获得14个基因序列,肌动蛋白基因和β-微管蛋白基因各7个。在GenBank中除多头绒泡菌Physarum polycephalum外并无其他真黏菌的肌动蛋白基因和β-微管蛋白基因序列,研究获得的14个基因序列为真黏菌基因的新序列。系统发育分析表明,肌动蛋白基因能够有效地将无丝菌目、团毛菌目、绒泡菌目和发网菌目区分为4个分支,其中发网菌目为一个独立的进化支,支持了根据子实体发育所认识的真黏菌纲内部具有两条进化路线的观点,因此显示出肌动蛋白基因对于真黏菌系统发育研究的重要价值。     

云南高黎贡山和怒山外担菌属和隔担菌属真菌

2005至2011年,在云南高黎贡山和怒山进行了野外科学考察,采集了大量真菌标本,经过研究,发现外担菌属18种,隔担菌属11种真菌,研究的标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆.     

南黄海沉积物中的丝孢菌初报

从南黄海采集沉积物样品19份,共分离到74个丝孢菌分离物。除22个青霉属菌株未鉴定至种外,其余经鉴定属于18属20种。其中包括1个中国新记录属Devriesia;2个中国新记录种Devriesia pseudoamericana、Scedosporium dehoogii;其余18种为中国已知种。对中国新记录属种进行形态学描述和基于ITS序列的分子生物学分析,对18个国内已报道种则只作分布和生境的引证。所有菌种均保存在中国海洋大学海洋生物标本室(OUCMB)。     

生物法生产D-塔格糖的研究进展

D-塔格糖具有多种独特的生理特性与功能,近年来已被发达国家开发作为具有高经济附加值的功能性甜味剂进行销售。D-塔格糖的商业化生产长期以来依赖化学催化法,随着20世纪90年代利用L-阿拉伯糖异构酶(简称L-AI酶)催化D-半乳糖制备D-塔格糖技术的兴起,生物法生产D-塔格糖成为了新的发展趋势。结合笔者所在课题组近年来的研究成果,就D-塔格糖生物法生产工艺的研究现状和前景进行综述与展望。     

双孢蘑菇子实体发育后期差异表达蛋白质分析

为探讨双孢蘑菇子实体发育后期的蛋白质表达变化,对双孢蘑菇As2796子实体采收期、成熟期和开伞期的蛋白质组进行了双向电泳(2-DE)分析,发现了16个表达差异明显的蛋白质。通过质谱分析(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)和数据库检索,有14个差异蛋白质获得鉴定。其中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸水合酶与能量代谢相关,T-蛋白复合体1、蛋白酶体、5-甲基四氢三谷氨酸-同型半胱氨酸甲基转移酶、1-吡咯琳-5-羧酸脱氢酶、精氨酸酶与氨基酸或蛋白质代谢直接相关,而GTP结合蛋白则参与细胞的多种生命活动,在细胞的生长发育过程中起着重要的作用。另外7个为功能未知的蛋白质。     

SCY1-like 1 binding protein 1 (SCYL1-bp1) interacts with p53-induced RING H2 protein (Pirh2) after traumatic brain injury in rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a complex series of neurochemical and signaling changes that lead to neuronal dysfunction and overreactive astrocytes. In the current study, we showed that interactions between SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 are involved in central nervous system (CNS) injury and repair. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of an acute traumatic brain injury model in adult rats revealed significantly increased levels of SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 in the ipsilateral brain cortex, compared to contralateral cerebral cortex. Immunofluorescence double-labeling analyses further revealed that SCYL1-bp1 is mainly co-expressed with NeuN. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick-end labeling staining data supported the involvement of SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 in neuronal apoptosis after brain injury. We additionally examined the expression profiles of active caspase-3, which were altered in correlation with the levels of SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2. Notably, both SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 were colocalized with active caspase-3, and all three proteins participated in neuronal apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation experiments further revealed interactions of these proteins with each other in the pathophysiology process. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report interactions between SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 in traumatic brain. Our data collectively indicate that SCYL1-bp1 and Pirh2 play important roles in CNS pathophysiology after TBI.     

Properties of MHC Class I Presented Peptides That Enhance Immunogenicity

T-cells have to recognize peptides presented on MHC molecules to be activated and elicit their effector functions. Several studies demonstrate that some peptides are more immunogenic than others and therefore more likely to be T-cell epitopes. We set out to determine which properties cause such differences in immunogenicity. To this end, we collected and analyzed a large set of data describing the immunogenicity of peptides presented on various MHC-I molecules. Two main conclusions could be drawn from this analysis: First, in line with previous observations, we showed that positions P4–6 of a presented peptide are more important for immunogenicity. Second, some amino acids, especially those with large and aromatic side chains, are associated with immunogenicity. This information was combined into a simple model that was used to demonstrate that immunogenicity is, to a certain extent, predictable. This model (made available at http://tools.iedb.org/immunogenicity/) was validated with data from two independent epitope discovery studies. Interestingly, with this model we could show that T-cells are equipped to better recognize viral than human (self) peptides. After the past successful elucidation of different steps in the MHC-I presentation pathway, the identification of variables that influence immunogenicity will be an important next step in the investigation of T-cell epitopes and our understanding of cellular immune responses.     

藜磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因(CaP5P)的表达分析和胁迫响应检测

植物通过多种信号途径感知外界环境变化,从而引发一系列的信号级联反应,其中磷脂信号途径起着重要的作用。本研究从藜盐胁迫差减文库中获得了一个EST05序列,利用RT-PCR检测了其在非生物胁迫下表达趋势,显示EST05序列在非生物胁迫下的表达有升高。随后利用RACE技术获得其全长编码序列,测序结果显示其与蓖麻(Ricinus communis) 的磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因(P5P)的同源性达56%,遂将其命名为CaP5P。最后过量表达CaP5P在拟南芥中初步验证了功能,转基因植株表现对盐胁迫耐受性降低的趋势,呈现负调控的特征。本研究对磷酸肌醇5-磷酸酶基因功能的初步研究为磷脂信号途径中负调控组分的分析提供了参考依据。     

铜胁迫条件下土壤微生物对海州香薷光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨铜（Cu）胁迫条件下土壤微生物对海州香薷（Elsholtzia splendens）光合生理和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,实验设置添加Cu（Cu胁迫）、接种土壤微生物、添加Cu与接种土壤微生物等3个处理,以不添加Cu与不接种土壤微生物为对照（CK）。结果表明：接种土壤微生物处理的植株相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、水分利用效率（WUE）均显著高于CK;且对初始荧光（F_o）和最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）均有显著性影响。与CK相比,添加Cu降低了海州香薷的P_n和气孔导度（G_s）,但胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）的变化与P_n相反,表明其对光合作用的影响主要是非气孔限制因素。添加Cu的植株相对叶绿素含量显著下降,但Cu胁迫下接种土壤微生物提高了植株相对叶绿素含量,差异显著。在Cu胁迫条件下,接种土壤微生物的植株具有较高的F_v/F_m及较低的F_o,显著提高了海州香薷的WUE、P_n、G_s。说明接种土壤微生物可通过提高相对叶绿素含量、改善叶绿素荧光和光合作用来减轻Cu胁迫对海州香薷植株造成的伤害,从而提高海州香薷耐受Cu胁迫的能力。