内蒙古部分地区骆驼和羊寄生蜱虫病毒组学分析

为了解内蒙古地区蜱虫病毒组学的本底数据,采用病毒宏基因组学方法对在内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗、右旗和四子王旗地区3个采样点采集骆驼和羊体表寄生的1789只蜱虫样品进行病毒宏基因组学分析,并对特定病毒进行巢式PCR扩增和测序,通过Clustal W和MEGA7.0等生物信息学软件对获得的病毒基因序列进行遗传进化分析.数据显示,蜱虫样品携带包括植物、脊椎动物和非脊椎动物等来源的17个病毒科和一些未分类的病毒;其中,2株弹状病毒具有丰富的遗传多样性,与新疆地区和长江地区的弹状病毒的同源性达到98.5％和96.26％,提示蜱虫弹状病毒可能是通过羊和骆驼等动物贸易导致了新疆和内蒙古地区,以及内地的跨区域传播;细小病毒仅在羊来源的蜱虫中检测到,与中国河北地区的山羊血清中的细小病毒形成同一进化分支,我们推测蜱虫细小病毒在国内不同地区间可跨区域传播,在进化分析过程中,发现这种病毒与多种的细小病毒的同源性都不低于50％,提示细小病毒可能具有遗传稳定性;Tamdy病毒与来自阿塞拜疆、乌兹别克斯坦和美国的Tamdy病毒均具有极高的同源性,结果显示该病毒在内蒙古地区已经出现,并存在潜在流行的可能,有必要对Tamdy病毒进行进一步的监测;在本研究中,我们鉴定的白蛉病毒与来自新疆的亚洲璃眼蜱所携带的博乐蜱虱病毒形成同一个进化分支,与新型布尼亚病毒和Heartland virus病毒的同源性达到50％以上,该结果提示,我们发现的蜱虫白蛉病毒可能具有潜在的致病性,需要对其流行情况和致病性进行监测和研究.本研究为完善内蒙古部分地区蜱虫病毒的多样性和本底情况提供了重要的基础数据.     

Significant longevity-extending effects of EGCG on Caenorhabditis elegans under stress

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a main active ingredient of green tea, is believed to be beneficial in association with anticarcinogenesis, antiobesity, and blood pressure reduction. Here we report that EGCG extended Caenorhabditis elegans longevity under stress. Under heat stress (35°C), EGCG improved the mean longevity by 13.1% at 0.1 μg/ml, 8.0% at 1.0 μg/ml, and 11.8% at 10.0 μg/ml. Under oxidative stress, EGCG could improve the mean longevity of C. elegans by 172.9% at 0.1 μg/ml, 177.7% at 1.0 μg/ml, and 88.5% at 10.0 μg/ml. However, EGCG could not extend the life span of C. elegans under normal culture conditions. Further studies demonstrated that the significant longevity-extending effects of EGCG on C. elegans could be attributed to its in vitro and in vivo free radical-scavenging effects and its up-regulating effects on stress-resistance-related proteins, including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) and heat shock protein-16.2 (HSP-16.2), in transgenic C. elegans with SOD-3∷green fluorescent protein (GFP) and HSP-16.2∷GFP expression. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the up-regulation of aging-associated genes such as daf-16, sod-3, and skn-1 could also contribute to the stress resistance attributed to EGCG. As the death rate of a population is closely related to the mortality caused by external stress, it could be concluded that the survival-enhancing effects of EGCG on C. elegans under stress are very important for antiaging research.     

RNA‐seq analysis reveals new candidate genes for drip loss in a Pietrain × Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire population

Drip loss, one of the most important meat quality traits, is characterized by low heritability. To date, the genetic factors affecting the drip loss trait have not been clearly elucidated. The objective of this study was to identify critical candidate genes affecting drip loss. First, we generated a Pietrain × Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire commercial pig population and obtained phenotypic values for the drip loss trait. Furthermore, we constructed two RNA libraries from pooled samples of longissimus dorsi muscles with the highest (H group) and lowest (L group) drip loss and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these extreme phenotypes using RNA‐seq technology. In total, 25 883 genes were detected in the H and L group libraries, and none was specifically expressed in only one library. Comparative analysis of gene expression levels found that 150 genes were differentially expressed, of which 127 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated in the H group relative to the L group. In addition, 68 drip loss quantitative trait loci (QTL) overlapping with 63 DEGs were identified, and these QTL were distributed mainly on chromosomes 1, 2, 5 and 6. Interestingly, the triadin (TRDN) gene, which is involved in muscle contraction and fat deposition, and the myostatin (MSTN) gene, which has a role in muscle growth, were localized to more than two drip loss QTL, suggesting that both are critical candidate genes responsible for drip loss.     

溶血磷脂酸在皮肤损伤疾病中的作用及其分子机制

皮肤作为人体最大器官覆盖于全身,能阻挡有害物质的侵入,保护人体内环境稳态,参与人体代谢过程。皮肤损伤、炎症和纤维化等,都会导致皮肤屏障功能的减退,影响正常的生命活动。溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)是十分活跃的磷脂信号分子,参与多种生理和病理生理过程。LPA是维持体内平衡所必需的生物活性脂质介质,在皮肤中通过不同的信号通路发挥多功能磷脂信使作用。本文综述了皮肤中溶血磷脂酸受体(lysophosphatidic acid receptor,LPA1-6)及其细胞信号通路的作用及机制,综述了LPA在皮肤创面愈合、皮肤瘢痕、皮肤黑色素瘤、硬皮病、皮肤瘙痒、过敏性皮炎、皮肤屏障、皮肤疼痛,皮肤毛发生长中的作用及分子机制,有助于了解LPA在皮肤中的生理和病理生理作用。深入研究LPA的作用机制将有助于挖掘其在皮肤治疗中的作用,开发以LPA为靶点的药物。     

A Microarray-Based Analysis Reveals that a Short Photoperiod Promotes Hair Growth in the Arbas Cashmere Goat

Many animals exhibit different behaviors in different seasons. The photoperiod can have effects on migration, breeding, fur growth, and other processes. The cyclic growth of the fur and feathers of some species of mammals and birds, respectively, is stimulated by the photoperiod as a result of hormone-dependent regulation of the nervous system. To further examine this phenomenon, we evaluated the Arbas Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), a species that is often used in this type of research. The goats were exposed to an experimentally controlled short photoperiod to study the regulation of cyclic cashmere growth. Exposure to a short photoperiod extended the anagen phase of the Cashmere goat hair follicle to increase cashmere production. Assessments of tissue sections indicated that the short photoperiod significantly induced cashmere growth. This conclusion was supported by a comparison of the differences in gene expression between the short photoperiod and natural conditions using gene chip technology. Using the gene chip data, we identified genes that showed altered expression under the short photoperiod compared to natural conditions, and these genes were found to be involved in the biological processes of hair follicle growth, structural composition of the hair follicle, and the morphogenesis of the surrounding skin appendages. Knowledge about differences in the expression of these genes as well as their functions and periodic regulation patterns increases our understanding of Cashmere goat hair follicle growth. This study also provides preliminary data that may be useful for the development of an artificial method to improve cashmere production by controlling the light cycle, which has practical significance for livestock breeding.     

多种天敌控制多种害虫的模糊数学模型

从生态经济学的原理出发，利用模糊集理论，探讨如何评价天敌控制多种害虫的为害作用，提出了多种天敌控制多种害虫的模糊数学模型。同时又得到了天敌对害虫的控制能力C，影响率G，影响强度H，及权数ω(x)的计算公式，以及在天敌作用下安全度的讨论与分析。