秦巴山地NPP及对气候变化响应的多维地带性与暖温带-亚热带界线

秦巴山地位于我国的南北过渡带,对我国生态地理格局产生重要影响。为了探索秦巴山地植被净第一性生产力(NPP,Net Primary Productivity)的时空格局及其气候响应的多样性和复杂性,为我国暖温带-亚热带界线的具体分布提供新的佐证,基于2000—2015年的MOD17A3的地表植被NPP数据和秦巴山地93个气象站点数据,从经度、纬度、海拔、坡向多个维度研究了秦巴山地地表植被NPP的分布及与气候因子的关系。结果表明:从2000—2015年,(1)秦巴山地中低山地区,自北向南随纬度降低,地表植被多年平均NPP呈现增加的趋势,体现了纬度地带性;年均NPP与温度的关系由负相关变为正相关,转折点出现在汉江;与降水的相关性减弱。(2)自西向东多年平均NPP值先增加后减少,秦岭一线地表植被年均NPP与温度由正相关变为负相关,与降水主要呈正相关,相关性先增加后减少。(3)随高度的增加,秦巴山地多年NPP值及增长率均呈现先增加后减少的趋势。(4)秦岭和大巴山多年平均NPP均呈现增加趋势,但是秦岭增长较大巴山更明显;2000m以下,秦岭南坡增长率明显高于北坡,大巴山北坡增长率明显高于南坡;2000—3000m,秦岭南北坡差异较小,但是大巴山差异明显;中山地区(1000—2500m),秦岭年均NPP与气温呈负相关,而大巴山则呈现正相关或弱相关;秦岭地区年均NPP与降水的相关性整体强于大巴山地区。这就意味着全球变暖、气温升高对秦岭植被尤其是中低山地区的植被产生不利影响,但是对大巴山则有利,而前者植被生长主要与降水增加有关。这也说明了基于汉江为界的秦岭和大巴山无论是地表植被NPP的均值还是其南北坡差异以及对气候因子的响应呈现了明显的差异,而汉江作为中山地区植被NPP与气温相关性由正相关性到负相关的转折点,与降水的关系由弱相关到正相关的转折点,更合适作为南北分界线。     

中国濒危兽类栖息地评估与保护研究进展与展望

目前全球物种正以前所未有的速度灭绝,对野生动物栖息地开展有效的评估与科学的保护是阻止濒危物种走向灭绝,保持其可持续生存与发展的重要前提和手段。本文针对我国的食肉类、有蹄类、灵长类、小型兽类、海洋兽类5个类别的濒危兽类,综述了其栖息地评估与保护研究进展的现状和成果,对相关学术成果进行了归纳与分析,以期为栖息地的科学保护与管理梳理出系统、可供借鉴的研究方法和技术手段,并对其理论和技术的挑战进行了展望,提出了我国濒危兽类栖息地评估和保护研究应走向整体化、定量化、智能化,以及多学科交叉融合应用的“精准化”发展方向,为国家生态建设工程的有效实施提供重要技术支撑。     

帝萝花‘璀璨明珠'的植株高效再生

为解决木本切花植物帝萝花‘璀璨明珠’繁殖效率低的问题,该文以帝萝花‘璀璨明珠’的幼嫩枝芽为外植体,研究了不同基本培养基对其长势的影响、不同激素种类和浓度对其增殖和生根的效果,分析了其离体繁殖的生长特点,并建立了高效的帝萝花‘璀璨明珠’组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:帝萝花‘璀璨明珠’幼嫩枝芽的消毒方法为0.1%的升汞溶液浸泡12 min,污染率为21.5%;外植体在WPM+ZT 1 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.1 mg·L~(-1)培养基上,侧芽萌发率为73%;增殖的最佳培养基为MS+BA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.05 mg·L~(-1),增殖系数为6.63,增殖方式为侧芽增殖和植株基部丛生芽增殖;生根的适宜培养基为MS+IBA 0.75mg·L~(-1)+NAA 1 mg·L~(-1),生根率为70%;生根瓶苗移栽于珍珠岩和细草炭(体积比为0.5∶1)的基质中,光照强度为10 000～12 000 lx,空气湿度为70%～80%下培养,60 d后成活率可达72%。该研究结果为帝萝花组培种苗的商业化生产提供了技术支撑,同时促进了该高档木本切花的推广和种植及产业化。     

基于多源数据的“安全公正空间”在大通湖流域环境管理中的应用

如何在确保生态系统安全的同时有效地开发和利用资源、保障人类福祉是当前面临的挑战。近年来兴起的“安全公正空间”(Safe and Just Operating Space, SJOS)理论框架为人类可持续发展提供了有效的评估方法, 即充分利用自然资源来提高人类社会福祉的同时确保环境生态安全。研究以长江中下游地区大通湖流域为例, 根据流域内的社会经济数据、环境监测数据和湖泊沉积记录, 从社会基础和环境系统两个方面构建该流域的SJOS框架, 并利用环境库兹涅兹曲线来揭示总体环境变化特征。结果表明: 流域内淡水利用、空气质量、水质均突破环境上限, 处于危险的状态, 此外流域内无贫困和产业创新两个社会基础维度的完成度相对较低。环境库兹涅兹曲线揭示了大通湖流域内社会-生态系统大致分为初始阶段(1950s—1980s)、严重退化阶段(1980s—2000s)和逐步改善(2000s后)三个阶段。研究为维持区域可持续发展提供了重要的参考信息, 同时也为区域SJOS框架的构建提供了一种有效的方法。     

The Search for Agroislands in the Chickpea Genome

Biophysics - The concentration of genes that control domestication traits in so-called “agroislands” complicates breeding. Therefore, information about where such islands are located in...     

Narrow H3K4me2 is required for chicken PGC formation

The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergoes epigenetic modifications. The study of histone methylation in regulating PGCs is beneficial to understand the development and differentiation mechanism of germ stem cells. Notably, it provides a theoretical basis for directed induction and mass acquisition in vitro. However, little is known about the regulation of PGC formation by histone methylation. Here, we found the high enrichment of H3K4me2 in the blastoderm, genital ridges, and testis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed and the results revealed that genomic H3K4me2 is dynamic in embryonic stem cells, PGCs, and spermatogonial stem cells. This trend was consistent with the H3K4me2 enrichment in the gene promoter region. Additionally, narrow region triggered PGC‐related genes (Bmp4, Wnt5a, and Tcf7l2) and signaling pathways (Wnt and transforming growth factor‐β). After knocking down histone methylase Mll2 in vitro and vivo, the level of H3K4me2 decreased, inhibiting Cvh and Blimp1 expression, then repressing the formation of PGCs. Taken together, our study revealed the whole genome map of H3K4me2 in the formation of PGCs, contributing to improve the epigenetic study in PGC formation and providing materials for bird gene editing and rescue of endangered birds.     

cMyBPC phosphorylation modulates the effect of omecamtiv mecarbil on myocardial force generation

Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM), a direct myosin motor activator, is currently being tested as a therapeutic replacement for conventional inotropes in heart failure (HF) patients. It is known that HF patients exhibit dysregulated β-adrenergic signaling and decreased cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBPC) phosphorylation, a critical modulator of myocardial force generation. However, the functional effects of OM in conditions of altered cMyBPC phosphorylation have not been established. Here, we tested the effects of OM on force generation and cross-bridge (XB) kinetics using murine myocardial preparations isolated from wild-type (WT) hearts and from hearts expressing S273A, S282A, and S302A substitutions (SA) in the M domain, between the C1 and C2 domains of cMyBPC, which cannot be phosphorylated. At submaximal Ca²⁺ activations, OM-mediated force enhancements were less pronounced in SA than in WT myocardial preparations. Additionally, SA myocardial preparations lacked the dose-dependent increases in force that were observed in WT myocardial preparations. Following OM incubation, the basal differences in the rate of XB detachment (k_rel) between WT and SA myocardial preparations were abolished, suggesting that OM differentially affects the XB behavior when cMyBPC phosphorylation is reduced. Similarly, in myocardial preparations pretreated with protein kinase A to phosphorylate cMyBPC, incubation with OM significantly slowed k_rel in both the WT and SA myocardial preparations. Collectively, our data suggest there is a strong interplay between the effects of OM and XB behavior, such that it effectively uncouples the sarcomere from cMyBPC phosphorylation levels. Our findings imply that OM may significantly alter the in vivo cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation.