东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen的感觉器官和附肢的组织构造

有关蝗虫感觉器官的研究报告不很多,其中值得指出的有Slifer(1935,1936,1938,1950,1951,1954)对于几种蝗虫的弦音器、勃氏器、具橛感器等研究,McFarlane(1953)对于小迁移蝗的弦音器研究,Marshall(1945)对于红腿蝗上唇感觉器的研究,其他尚有Fulton(1928)对于直翅目听器的研究,Friedrich(1930)对于直翅目胫节上具橛感器的比较研究,和徐凤早等(1952)对于几种蝗科昆虫的腹昕器和蟋蟀科与螽蟖科昆虫的足听器研究等。     

Sexual dimorphism in head structures of the weevil Rhopalapion longirostre (Olivier 1807) (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): a response to ecological demands of egg deposition

Extreme sexually dimorphic phenotypes are frequently attributed to strong sexual selection but they can also arise as a consequence of different ecological demands. The evolutionary emergence of elongated rostra was a key event in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Exaggerated female rostra evolved in numerous weevil taxa, enabling females to bore long channels for egg deposition into various parts of host plants. The investigated ecological scenario involves three species of brentid weevils, all associated with the same host plant, Alcea rosea. The present study reveals that: (1) Rhopalapion longirostre bores egg channels into the buds, and the female rostrum is twice as long and its surface is smoother than in the male; (2) Alocentron curvirostre and Aspidapion validum live on the same host plant but use the stems for egg deposition; in these species, female rostra are not exaggerated; (3) the females of all three species possess a stronger mandible musculature than males; (4) the elongated female snout of R. longirostre is a response to the requirements of boring egg channels of maximal depth into the buds of the host plant; and (5) female muscle strength is an adaptation to boring into hard plant tissues, irrespective of rostrum length. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104 , 642–660.     

The interplay between habitat availability and population differentiation: a case study on genetic and morphological structure in an inland wader (Charadriiformes)

Long‐distance migrant waders breeding in the Arctic often have globally structured populations, largely because they were isolated in glacial or interstadial refugia or were restricted to fragmented coastal wetlands in winter. Conversely, inland species using continentally distributed wetlands appear to be less structured (more often panmictic), presumably because they are less likely to have been isolated by multiple refugia or by current events. We analyzed genetic variation in a widely distributed inland species, the ruff (Philomachus pugnax), sampled from seven Eurasian breeding localities, and from migration routes and wintering areas in Europe and Africa. One mitochondrial marker (N = 118) and eight nuclear microsatellites (N = 170) showed: (1) high genetic variation; (2) large genetic distances among mitochondrial (private) haplotypes within breeding populations; (3) the absence of a signature of isolation‐by‐distance; and (4) a distribution of private microsatellite alleles indicating dispersal between Scandinavia and Siberia but not between western and eastern Siberia. These results were consistent with a large refugial population during the Last Glacial Maximum, and postglacial long range expansions spreading ancestral polymorphisms, and not with a stepping‐stone model of gene flow. The divergence between breeding populations in Europe and Siberia was dated to approximately 12 000 years ago. Although genetic population structure is presently statistically non‐existent, support for evolving population structure came from analyses of geographical variation in two relevant phenotypic traits: wing length and the timing of migration. Analysis of 6077 individuals sampled on migration in 2002–08 revealed that, in each year, shorter‐winged birds migrated through significantly later than longer‐winged birds. The late‐passing birds were associated with more westerly breeding localities. In conclusion, the lack of genetic structuring in ruffs (and other inland species we examined) contrasts with strong structuring in many coastal species. This suggests that the ability to use more widely available inland habitat influences the evolution of genetic structure and the maintenance of genetic variation in waders. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 106 , 641–656.     

Genetically separate populations of the ocean‐skater Halobates sericeus (Heteroptera: Gerridae) have been maintained since the late Pleistocene

The oceanic water strider (or ocean‐skater) Halobates sericeus Eschscholtz has a disjunct distribution in the Pacific Ocean, with northern and southern populations widely separated by an equatorial zone. It is sensitive to sea surface conditions and, consequently, its distribution and population structure may provide an insight into environmental changes on the ocean surface on both recent and historical time scales. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of H. sericeus in the Pacific Ocean using three gene markers – cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), elongation factor 1α and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS‐1). These markers indicate that both populations are evolutionarily distinct with limited gene flow, having separated 20 000–50 000 years ago. This suggests that physical conditions and/or biotic interactions on the surface of the Pacific Ocean have provided significant barriers to gene flow since the late Pleistocene or earlier, creating biotic stability over large geographical and temporal scales in spite of a long history of global climate change. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105 , 797–805.     

EB病毒LMP1在鼻咽癌细胞中通过NFκB促进Igκ表达

利用已建立的受四环素调控ＬＭＰ１表达的鼻咽癌细胞系,用受ＣＭＶ启动子调控的ＮＦκＢ报道基因质粒ｐＮＦκＢ－ｌｕｃ的荧光素酶表达分析ＮＦκＢ的活性,并以核蛋白的Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹方法观察ＬＭＰ１表达前后核内ＮＦκＢ组分ｐ６５量的改变,用全蛋白Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析Ｉｇκ蛋白质的表达等方法,探讨在鼻咽癌中,ＥＢ病毒ＬＭＰ１蛋白是否通过核转录因子ＮＦκＢ促进免疫球蛋白κ轻链（Ｉｇκ）基因的表达。结果显示     

东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen)生殖系统的解剖和组织构造

东亚飞蝗的内部解剖和组织构造是作者等近年来工作的一部分,在1955年曾发表了消化系统的部分,现在把生殖系统部分赓续刊出,以供有关方面参考。本文承梁静莲同志绘图,谨此志谢。 蝗科的生殖系统解剖在文献中有很多资料,其中值得特别提出的如Snodgtass(1935)曾研究了 Dissosteira carolina L.的内部解剖;Fedorov(1927)对Anacridium aegyptium L.     

Meristem temperature substantially deviates from air temperature even in moderate environments: is the magnitude of this deviation species‐specific?

Meristem temperature (T_meristem) drives plant development but is hardly ever quantified. Instead, air temperature (T_air) is usually used as its approximation. Meristems are enclosed within apical buds. Bud structure and function may differ across species. Therefore, T_meristem may deviate from T_air in a species‐specific way. Environmental variables (air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, radiation, and wind speed) were systematically varied to quantify the response of T_meristem. This response was related to observations of bud structure and transpiration. Tomato and cucumber plants were used as model plants as they are morphologically distinct and usually growing in similar environments. T_meristem substantially deviated from T_air in a species‐specific manner under moderate environments. This deviation ranged between ?2.6 and 3.8 °C in tomato and between ?4.1 and 3.0 °C in cucumber. The lower T_meristem observed in cucumber was linked with the higher transpiration of the bud foliage sheltering the meristem when compared with tomato plants. We here indicate that for properly linking growth and development of plants to temperature in future applications, for instance in climate change scenarios studies, T_meristem should be used instead of T_air, as a species‐specific trait highly reliant on various environmental factors.