大鼠肝郁证胃肠运动功能障碍动物模型的建立

目的 通过运用模具加水浴方法制备肝气郁结证候动物模型.方法 将大鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、自复组、反证组4组.运用模具加水浴方法造成大鼠肝郁证胃肠运动功能障碍动物模型.测量各组动物的体重、腹围、自发活动、智力、胃和小肠运动功能变化,观察胃肠组织形态学变化,测定血浆胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(Gas)、生长抑素(SS)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)指标研究肝郁证大鼠胃肠激素的变化.结果 模型组大鼠体重增加减慢,腹围指数变大,自发活动减少,智力下降;胃残留率增加、小肠推进率减慢;Gas、MTL和VIP的含量降低,SS的含量升高.用四逆散治疗后上述指标恢复正常.结论 用模具加水浴方法制备肝郁证动物模型接近中医肝气郁结证的发病学因素,其模型的情志改变呈现肝郁证典型的临床特点.     

虫草菌素药理学研究进展

虫草菌素是一种脱氧核苷类似物,对多种疾病都有潜在的治疗作用。综述了国内外虫草菌素药理学的研究概况,主要概括了虫草菌素在调节免疫、抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗白血病、降血糖、降血脂等方面的研究进展。提出了虫草菌素在临床应用时存在的问题,并对如何开展虫草菌素药理学研究及其应用进行了展望。     

南方小花蝽液体人工饲料的饲养效果评价

为评价一种液体人工饲料的饲养效果,以棉蚜饲养南方小花蝽作对照,用液体人工饲料连续两代饲养南方小花蝽若虫和成虫,对南方小花蝽各生长阶段的生长和发育指标进行调查。结果显示：用人工饲料饲养的南方小花蝽若虫历期（22～23天）与对照组（21天）之间不存在显著差异,说明液体人工饲料可以很好的满足南方小花蝽若虫生长的营养要求。然而,用棉蚜饲养的对照组南方小花蝽成虫获得率可达到63%,而人工饲料组连续两代的成虫获得率分别仅为45% 和43%。取食人工饲料的南方小花蝽成虫,在产卵前期、产卵量及寿命方面与对照组都没有显著差异,仅在产卵期方面有着显著差异,人工饲料组小花蝽的产卵期为13～16天,而对照组小花蝽的产卵期可达20天,说明液体人工饲料也可以很好的满足南方小花蝽成虫生殖发育的营养要求。     

舟山眼镜蛇毒CTX1层析分离的流速优化

目的 比较3种流速的CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换层析柱分离舟山眼镜蛇(Naja naja atra)蛇毒(snake venom,SV)的柱效,为SV的分离纯化提供实验依据.方法 (1)采用3种流速CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换层析柱分离舟山眼镜蛇蛇毒;(2)反向高效液相法分析各组分的纯度及内标法...     

IL-17A基因单核苷酸位点多态性与胃癌预后的相关性研究

探讨白介素17A基因多态性与胃癌预后的关系。129例研究对象纳入生存分析,分成死亡和存活两组,用基因测序的方法检测血液样本IL-17A基因SNP位点rs3748067、rs17880588基因型分布。rs3748067位点有3种基因型T/T、C/T、C/C,rs17880588位点有2种基因型A/G、G/G。比较存活组和死亡组之间的基因型分布频率和单点等位基因分布频率,发现rs3748067的基因型C/T在死亡组的分布频率较存活组高,基因型T/T和C/C在死亡组的分布频率低于存活组,两组之间分布频率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。杂合型C/T基因型在存活组分布低于死亡组(OR=2.051,CI=0.016~1.420),该位点基因型杂合可能为胃癌预后的一种危险因素。rs17880588的两种基因型A/G、G/G在存活组和死亡组的分布频率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IL-17A基因rs3748067位点SNP与胃癌预后可能有相关性。     

Pertussis toxin modulation of sodium channels in the central neurons of cyhalothrin-resistant and cyhalothrin-susceptible cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

Pertussis toxin （FIX） inhibits the activation of the α-subunit of the inhibitory heterotrimeric G-proteins （Cαi/o） and modulates voltage-gated sodium channels, which may be one of the primary targets of pyrethroids. To investigate the potential mechanisms of agricultural pests resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, we examined the modulations by PTX on sodium channels in the central neurons of the 3rd-4th instar larvae of cyhalothrin-resistant （Cy-R） and cyhaiothrin-susceptible （Cy-S） Helicoverpa armigera by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The isolated neurons were cultured for 12-16 h in an improved L15 insect culture medium with or without PTX （400 ng/mL）. The results showed that both the Cy-R and Cy-S sodium channels exhibited fast kinetics and tetrodotoxin （TTX） sensitivity. The Cy-R sodium channels exhibited not only altered gating properties, including a 8.88-mV right shift in voltage-dependent activation （V0.5act） and a 6.54-mV right shift in voltage-dependent inactivation （V0.5inact）, but also a reduced peak in sodium channel density （Ⅰdensity） （55.2% of that in Cy-S neurons）. Cy-R sodium channels also showed low excitability, as evidenced by right shift of activation potential （Ⅴacti） by 5-10 mV and peak potential （Ⅴpcak） by 20 mV. FIX exerted significant effects on Cy-S sodium channels, reducing sodium channel density by 70.04%, right shifting V0.5act by 14.41 mV and V0.5inact by 9. 38 mV. It did not cause any significant changes of the parameters mentioned above in the Cy-R sodium channels. The activation time （Tpeak） from latency to peak at peak voltage and the fast inactivation time constant （τinact） in both Cy-S and Cy-R neurons were not affected. The results suggest that cotton bollworm resistant to pyrethroid insecticides involves not only mutations and allosteric alterations of voltage-gated sodium channels, but also might implicate perturbation of PTX-sensitive Gαi/o-COupled signaling Wansduction pathways.     

昆虫趋光的性别差异及其影响因素

趋光是众多夜行性昆虫的主要行为特征之一.研究表明: 许多夜行性昆虫的趋光存在明显的性别差异现象,而这种差异受多种因素的影响.本文从雌雄成虫飞行能力差异导致其飞行距离与高度的不同、雌雄成虫复眼结构差异导致其对光源反应不同,以及雌雄成虫对光源和环境刺激的敏感性不同等方面综述了导致昆虫趋光性别差异的因素,并探讨了昆虫趋光性别差异的应用及今后研究方向.     

Revisiting taxonomy, morphological evolution, and fossil calibration strategies in Chloranthaceae

Chtoranthaceae is one of the earliest diverging angiosperm families and is comprised of approximately 75 species in four genera (Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmurn).This family has received considerable attention because of its seemingly primitive morphology,disjunct tropical distribution in Asia and America,and extensive fossil record from the Early Cretaceous.In the present study,we reconstructed the phylogeny of Chloranthaceae based on a combined dataset of three plastid DNA regions and 56 species.We then estimated divergence times in the family using two relaxed molecular clock methods (BEAST and penalized likelihood).We focused on testing the influence of fossil taxa in calibrating the molecular phylogeny,and on assessing the current taxonomy of the family in light of the phylogenetic results.Our results indicate that most intrageneric divisions within Ascarina and Hedyosmum are not monophyletic.The results from the dating analysis suggest that the Hedyosmum-like fossil Asteropollis represents a stem lineage of Hedyosmum,as has been suggested previously from morphological analyses.In contrast,our results indicate that the Chloranthus-like fossil Chloranthistemon,previously suggested on morphological grounds to be a stem relative of Chloranthus,may,instead,belong to the branch leading to the clade Chloranthus + Sarcandra.The median crown ages of Chloranthus,Sarcandra,Ascarina,and Hedyosmum estimated in the BEAST analysis were 26.3,9.5,31.0 and 45.8 million years ago (Ma),respectively,whereas the divergence between Chloranthus and Sarcandra,the splitting of Ascarina with the former two genera,and Hedyosmum separating from the three genera were estimated to 63.8,95.7 and 111.1 Ma.The present study sheds further light on the temporal evolution of Chloranthaceae and exemplifies how molecular dating analyses may be used to explore alternative phylogenetic placements of fossil taxa.     

前交叉韧带不同断裂程度对内侧半月板后角生物力学特性的影响

目的:探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂对内侧半月板后角的生物力学特性影响.方法:12例新鲜正常成人膝关节标本作为ACL完整组,在200N轴向载荷下,测试膝关节0°、30°、60°、90°内侧半月板后角应变,测试完毕后随机将标本造模成前内侧束(AMB)断裂组和后外侧束(PLB)断裂组,各6例,在上述条件下测试,再将标本的ACL中下1/3全部切断作为全断组进行测试.结果:膝伸直0°、屈曲30°,全断组后角应变大于其它各组(p＜0.01),PLB断裂组后角应变大于完整组、AMB断裂组(p＜0.01),AMB断裂组与完整组无显著性差异(p＞0.05);膝屈曲60°,全断组后角应变大于PLB断裂组、完整组(p＜0.05).与AMB断裂组无显著性差异(p＞0.05),AMB断裂组后角应变大于PLB断裂组、完整组(p＜0.05),PLB断裂组与完整组无显著性差异(p＞0.05);膝90°,全断组后角应变大于其它各组(p＜0.05),完整组、AMB断裂组、PLB断裂组组间均无显著性差异(p＞0.05).结论:(1)ACL完全断裂,在膝关节各角度对内侧半月板后角应变均有较大影响,为ACL完全断裂早期修复提供了理论依据.(2)AMB断裂在膝屈曲位(60°)引起内侧半月板后角生物力学改变;PLB断裂在膝0°、30°引起内侧半月板后角生物力学变化,其意义尚需进一步探讨.     

饲喂重组鸡白细胞介素18蛋白增加肉仔鸡体重的初步研究

经口服途径给肉仔鸡饲喂重组鸡白细胞介素 1 8(ChIL -1 8)蛋白,观察其在正常饲养条件下和人工感染鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)时对肉仔鸡的影响。将 84只肉仔鸡随机分为 2组:正常称重组和IBV接种组。 2组肉仔鸡再随机各分为 3个亚组,分别每隔 5d各口服 1次PBS、细菌蛋白和重组ChIL -1 8蛋白。正常称重组每亚组 8只,每次口服前称重。IBV接种试验组每亚组 2 0只,在 30日龄时滴鼻接种IBVM41株并每隔 5d称重 1次。各亚组试验鸡分别在正压隔离器中饲养。结果表明,饲喂重组ChIL- 1 8蛋白的试验亚组肉仔鸡体重总增重量明显高于饲喂PBS和细菌蛋白的对照亚组;IBV接种试验组肉仔鸡在人工感染IBVM41株后,饲喂重组ChIL 1 8亚组的发病率和死亡率明显低于饲喂PBS和细菌蛋白亚组,而且后 2个亚组肉仔鸡临床症状也较饲喂重组ChIL- 1 8试验亚组明显。结果初步显示,饲喂重组ChIL -1 8融合蛋白能够增加肉仔鸡体重并可增强肉仔鸡对IBV感染的抵抗能力。