古生物信息查询系统

介绍了古生物微机信息查询系统的结构设置（包括数据库设置和功能模块设置），和程序设计（包括数据库结构设计、结构化程序设计、子程序设计、菜单技术程序设计和宏替换函数＆程序设计）。     

CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database

Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome‐specific carbon budgets; to re‐examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO₂ balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 °C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO₂ balance required the introduction of substantial biome‐specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non‐CO₂ carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.     

Ultrastructural Study on the Senescent Process of Scales in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

The senescent process of scales in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. was observed by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. Several layers of parenchymal cells near the adaxial cortex degraded at the outset, forming a clear broken cell zone. The degradation of cell protoplasm proceeded actively and orderly. Dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulums produced many vesicles which were of priority importance during the process of protoplasmic degradation and intercellular transport of the degraded products. The abundant plasmodesmata between cells provided an efficient channel for the intercellular transport.     

IL-1 MODIFIES SYSTEM A TRANSPORT ACTIVITY IN HUMAN RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL CELLS

Given the importance of interleukin-1 in both rheumatic diseases and the modulation of cell metabolic activities, we studied the action of this cytokine on the neutral amino acid transport A system on rheumatoid synovial cells. In these cells IL-1 (1ng/ml) induced amino transport stimulation from 5min to 5h. This effect was obtained only after a starvation period. No concentration-related effect was found for IL-1-stimulated MeAIB uptake, and the IL-1-mediated MeAIB uptake stimulation is independent of protein synthesis. Neosynthesis or post-translational maturation of protein transport is a prerequisite for obtaining this effect. In conclusion, rheumatoid synovial cells exhibit a higher sensitivity for IL-1 than osteoarthritic ones, probably related to their intense metabolic activity.     

基于挥发性脂肪酸化学计量模型体外预测山羊瘤胃甲烷产量的精度

利用挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的化学计量模型\[CH₄=0.5Ace-0.25Pro+0.5But-0.25Val,模型1,式中,CH₄、Ace、Pro、But和Val分别表示甲烷、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸的产量\]预测瘤胃甲烷产量的精度.选用常见的10种化学成分差异显著的饲料原料（包括4种精饲料和6种粗饲料）进行体外模拟反刍家畜瘤胃发酵试验,测定发酵72 h后的VFA组成和CH₄产量.利用模型精度分析方法比较CH₄产量预测值与实测值间的差异.结果表明： 模型1估算的CH₄生成量普遍高于实测值,其偏差、斜率和随机误差分别为62.6%、11.7%和25.7%,固定误差＞70%.考虑到VFA代谢生成氢的80%用于合成CH₄,VFA化学计量模型表达为模型2\[CH₄= 0.8(0.5Ace-0.25Pro+0.5But-0.25Val)\].与模型1相比（均方预测误差=0.60）,模型2的预测精度大大提升(均方预测误差=0.18),模型2的偏差、斜率和随机误差分别为2.1%、5.7%和92.3%,固定误差＜10%.模型1认为VFA生成过程所产生的氢全部被甲烷菌用于合成CH₄,没有考虑氢代谢的其他途径,这是导致预测值大于实测值的一个重要原因.     

河内蔬菜基地冬季主要蔬菜上昆虫群落组成

应越南国家植物保护研究院的邀请 ,受我国科技部的委派 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 1 1～ 1 2月赴越进行“小菜蛾化学信息素的分离鉴定及应用研究”。河内地处热带 ,光照充足 ,雨量充沛 ,气候湿润 ,郊区拥有数百平方公里的蔬菜基地 ,种植着各式各样的蔬菜 ,长势旺盛 ,所产各类蔬菜主要用于出口 ,但虫害较重。在进行小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL .化学信息素研究[1] 的同时 ,我们对主要蔬菜品种上的昆虫群落的组成及优势种昆虫进行了考查和分析。1　材料与方法选取 1 0多种蔬菜作为调查对象 ,每种蔬菜样地面积≥ 6 6 6× 2m2 ,以五点取样法选取 5个样…