Protective Antioxidant Effects of Amentoflavone and Total Flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa on H2O2‐Induced HL‐O2 Cells through ASK1/p38 MAPK Pathway

In this study, total flavonoids and total triterpenoid acid were extracted with ethyl acetate from Hedyotis diffusa Willd, and hepatoprotective activities of them and five compounds from total flavonoids against H₂O₂ induced hepatocyte damage on HL‐02 cells were determined. In particular, amentoflavone and total flavonoids had influence on the leakage of ALT, AST, LDH, the activities of SOD and the content of MDA. They effectively reduced the loss of MMP, the release of Cyt C, and then inhibited activation of caspase‐3/caspase‐9 cascade in hepatotoxic cells. The contents of ROS were significantly reduced to inhibit p38 in amentoflavone and flavonoids groups which decreased ASK1 and p‐p38 levels through increasing thioredoxin Trx1 and reductase TrxR1. These results suggesting that the antioxidant protection of amentoflavone and flavonoids might be reducing ROS to inhibit the H₂O₂‐induced upstream of pathway via increasing levels of Trx1 and TrxR1, which were pivotal in blocking the down streaming effectors of ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway and alleviating hepatotoxicity.     

High‐Efficiency CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Dopant‐Free Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Hole Transporting Layers

CsPbI₂Br is emerging as a promising all‐inorganic material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its more stable lattice structure and moisture resistance compared to CsPbI₃, although its device performance is still much behind this counterpart. Herein, a preannealing process is developed and systematically investigated to achieve high‐quality CsPbI₂Br films by regulating the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite. The preannealing temperature and time are specifically optimized for a dopant‐free poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)‐based device to target dopant‐induced drastic performance degradation for spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices. The resulting P3HT‐based device exhibits comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices but much enhanced ambient stability with over 95% PCE after 1300 h. A diphenylamine derivative is introduced as a buffer layer to improve the energy‐level mismatch between CsPbI₂Br and P3HT. A record‐high PCE of 15.50% for dopant‐free P3HT‐based CsPbI₂Br PSCs is achieved by alleviating the open‐circuit voltage loss with the buffer layer. These results demonstrate that the preannealing processing together with a suitable buffer layer are applicable strategies for developing dopant‐free P3HT PSCs with high efficiency and stability.     

Accurate Control Multiple Active Sites of Carbonaceous Anode for High Performance Sodium Storage: Insights into Capacitive Contribution Mechanism

Heteroatom doping is widely recognized as an appealing strategy to break the capacitance limitation of carbonaceous materials toward sodium storage. However, the concrete effects, especially for heteroatomic phase transformation, during the sodium storage reaction remain a confusing topic. Here, a novel hypercrosslinked polymerization approach is demonstrated to fabricate pyrrole/thiophene hypercrosslinked microporous copolymer and further give porous carbonaceous materials with accurately regulated N/S dual doping corresponding to starting feeding ratios. Significantly, the N doping contributes to the conductivity and surface wettability, while the S doping is bridged to build stable active sites, which can be electrochemically converted into mercaptan anions via faraday reaction and further enhancing reversible capacities. Meanwhile, the abundant S doping can also conduce to the expanded interlayer spacing to shorten the ions diffusion distance, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. As a result, the N_0.2S_0.8‐micro‐dominant porous carbon delivers the highest reversible capacity of 521 mAh g^?1 at 100 mA g^?1 and excellent cyclic stability over 2000 cycles at 2000 mA g^?1 with a capacity decay of 0.0145 mAh g^?1 per cycle. This work is anticipated to provide an in‐depth understanding of capacitance contribution and illuminate the heteroatomic phase transformation during sodium storage reactions for doping carbonaceous anodes.     

Activation of Ni Particles into Single Ni–N Atoms for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to fuels and value‐added industrial chemicals is a promising strategy for keeping a healthy balance between energy supply and net carbon emissions. Here, the facile transformation of residual Ni particle catalysts in carbon nanotubes into thermally stable single Ni atoms with a possible NiN₃ moiety is reported, surrounded with a porous N‐doped carbon sheath through a one‐step nanoconfined pyrolysis strategy. These structural changes are confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The dispersed Ni single atoms facilitate highly efficient electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction at low overpotentials to yield CO, providing a CO faradaic efficiency exceeding 90%, turnover frequency approaching 12 000 h^?1, and metal mass activity reaching about 10 600 mA mg^?1, outperforming current state‐of‐the‐art single atom catalysts for CO₂ reduction to CO. DFT calculations suggest that the Ni@N₃ (pyrrolic) site favors *COOH formation with lower free energy than Ni@N₄, in addition to exothermic CO desorption, hence enhancing electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion. This finding provides a simple, scalable, and promising route for the preparation of low‐cost, abundant, and highly active single atom catalysts, benefiting future practical CO₂ electrolysis.     

Nonwoven rGO Fiber‐Aramid Separator for High‐Speed Charging and Discharging of Li Metal Anode

Li metal, which has a high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential, is considered to the most promising anode material for next‐generation Li ion‐based batteries. However, it also exhibits a disadvantageous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer problem that needs to be resolved. Herein, an advanced separator composed of reduced graphene oxide fiber attached to aramid paper (rGOF‐A) is introduced. When rGOF‐A is applied, F^? anions, generated from the decomposition of the LiPF₆ electrolyte during the SEI layer formation process form semi‐ionic C? F bonds along the surface of rGOF. As Li⁺ ions are plated, the “F‐doped” rGO surface induces the formation of LiF, which is known as a component of a chemically stable SEI, therefore it helps the Li metal anode to operate stably at a high current of 20 mA cm^?2 with a high capacity of 20 mAh cm^?2. The proposed rGOF‐A separator successfully achieves a stable SEI layer that could resolve the interfacial issues of the Li metal anode.     

Industrial attributes of β-glucanase produced by Bacillus sp. CSB55 and its potential application as bio-industrial catalyst

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst...     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合三联吸入雾化治疗法对哮喘急性发作的影响

目的:探讨小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合三联吸入雾化治疗方案对哮喘患儿的治疗效果以及对肺功能的影响作用。方法:将我院自2017年1月至2018年11月间收治的哮喘患儿210例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组各105例,研究组患儿在布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联吸入雾化治疗的基础上给予小儿肺热咳喘口服液进行治疗,对照组患儿仅给予三联雾化吸入治疗,对比观察两组患儿的疗效和预后。结果:研究组临床治疗后总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组77.14%(P0.05);治疗后研究组咳嗽消失时间、呼吸困难消失时间和急性发作随诊时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05),两组肺部喘鸣音消失时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前患儿第一秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、最大肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)及FEV1/FVC值、呼气峰流速值(peak expiratory flowrate,PEF)对比无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后1 d、3 d、7 d以上指标水平均明显升高,且在治疗后7 d,研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间研究组有1例出现轻度腹泻,3例食欲减退,并发症的发生率为3.81%(4/105),对照组治疗期间2例出现轻度腹泻,4例食欲减退,并发症的发生率为5.71%(6/105),两组比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合三联吸入雾化法治疗儿童哮喘急性发作,可改善患儿临床症状和肺功能,疗效显著,可推广使用。     

脐血管前置产前超声表现及临床效果分析

目的:研究脐血管前置产前超声表现及临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月期间本院收治的34例脐血管前置孕妇临床资料,均进行产前超声检查,将结果与产后病理结果进行比较,分析超声表现。结果:同产后病理检查结果相比较,34例孕妇的产前超声诊断准确率、误诊率分别为97.06%、2.94%,数据对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),产前超声检查显示的胎盘及脐带入口情况主要为帆状胎盘、脐带胎盘边缘附着、边缘性前置胎盘、低置性前置胎盘、副胎盘等。结论:产前超声检查具有较高的脐血管前置诊断准确率,可为临床分娩结局的改善提供指导,适合推广应用在临床中。     

RPN2与肝癌患者预后及对肝癌细胞生长的作用

目的:探讨核糖蛋白2(ribophorin II,RPN2)在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)组织中的表达和对HCC患者生存的影响,同时分析RPN2对肝癌HepG2细胞生长和克隆形成的作用。方法:应用免疫组化方法和HCC公共芯片数据,从蛋白和m RNA水平检测HCC组织中RPN2的表达,同时分析RPN2与HCC患者临床参数的关系及预后相关性;进一步利用MTS法和克隆形成实验在肝癌HepG2细胞中检测RPN2对细胞生长的作用。结果:98例肝癌组织中,RPN2阳性表达率88.78%,对应癌旁肝组织中,RPN2阳性表达率74.49%;癌组织中RPN2染色评分为5.80±3.15,癌旁肝组织RPN2染色评分为2.13±1.59,肝癌组织中RPN2表达显著上调(P0.001)。3个肝癌公共芯片数据(共522例肝癌)中RPN2的m RNA表达水平同样显著升高(均P0.001)。98例肝癌患者RPN2表达水平与肿瘤直径(P=0.004)、门脉侵袭(P=0.012)和TNM分期(P=0.009)相关;RPN2高表达的患者总体生存期(OS)和无复发生存期(RFS)较RPN2低表达的患者短(OS:P=0.027;RFS:P=0.036)。肝癌HepG2细胞转染RPN2小干扰RNA后,细胞生长能力显著受抑制。结论:RPN2在肝癌中表达显著升高,RPN2的表达与肝癌的恶性进展有关,RPN2显著促进肝癌细胞生长。